Method for producing RNA

1. A method for producing purified RNA comprising the following steps:

a) (i) providing plasmid template DNA comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the RNA sequence, said RNA sequence comprising a 5′ untranslated region (UTR), an open reading frame, a 3′ UTR and a Poly(A) sequence, and (ii) linearizing the plasmid template DNA with an endonuclease to provide a linearized template DNA,

wherein the plasmid template DNA has been purified by chromatography and/or filtration,

wherein the following steps are used to control the quality of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA of step a):

I) determining the concentration of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA in a sample;

II) determining the integrity of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA in a sample;

III) determining the identity of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA in a sample; and

IV) determining the purity of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA by determining in a sample comprising the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA: the presence of endotoxin; and/or the presence of bacterial DNA;

b) in vitro transcribing the linearized template DNA in the presence of a cap analog in order to obtain a composition comprising capped RNA,

c) treating the composition with a DNase;

d) purifying the RNA by at least one step of chromatography or filtration to obtain purified RNA, wherein the following steps are used to assess the quality of the purified RNA obtained in step d:

i) determining the concentration of the purified RNA in a sample;

ii) determining the integrity of the purified RNA;

iii) determining the identity of the purified RNA, by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the RNA as a template;

iv) determining the purity of the purified RNA, by determining in a sample comprising the RNA the presence of linearized template DNA;

v) determining the poly(A) length of the purified RNA; and

vi) determining the pH of a sample comprising the purified RNA.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the poly(A) length of the purified RNA comprises a PCR assay.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein IV) further comprises determining the purity of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA by determining in a sample comprising the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA: the presence of RNA; the presence of protein; the presence of endotoxin; and/or the presence of bacterial DNA.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising prior to step a) purifying the plasmid template DNA by chromatography and filtration.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to step a) culturing bacteria comprising the plasmid template DNA under selective conditions; and isolating the plasmid template DNA from the bacteria.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the template DNA provided in step a) is determined by photometric measurement.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the poly(A) sequence is 50 to 300 adenine nucleotides.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the DNase is DNase I.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein step a) comprises:

I) determining the concentration of the linearized template DNA in a sample;

II) determining the integrity of the linearized template DNA in a sample; and

III) determining the purity of the linearized template DNA in a sample.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein b) in vitro transcribing the linearized template DNA is in a reaction mixture that includes a cap analog, T7 polymerase, spermidine, an RNAse inhibitor and a HEPES buffer.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the reaction mixture includes the cap analog and GTP in a ratio of about 10:1 to 1:1 (cap analog:GTP).

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein b) in vitro transcribing the linearized template DNA is in a reaction mixture that includes a modified nucleotide.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the modified nucleotide is 1-methyl-pseudouridine.

14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining the presence of plasmid template DNA or linearized template DNA in the purified RNA.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein ii) determining the integrity of the purified RNA comprises a capillary gel electrophoresis assay.

16. A method for producing purified RNA comprising the following steps:

a) (i) providing plasmid template DNA comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the RNA sequence, said RNA sequence comprising a 5′ untranslated region (UTR), an open reading frame, a 3′ UTR and a Poly(A) sequence, and (ii) linearizing the plasmid template DNA with an endonuclease to provide a linearized template DNA,

wherein the plasmid template DNA has been purified by chromatography and/or filtration,

wherein the following steps are used to control the quality of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA of step a):

I) determining the concentration of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA in a sample;

II) determining the integrity of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA in a sample;

III) determining the identity of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA in a sample; and

IV) determining the purity of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA by determining in a sample comprising the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA: the presence of RNA; the presence of protein; the presence of endotoxin; and/or the presence of bacterial DNA;

b) in vitro transcribing the linearized template DNA to obtain a composition comprising RNA,

c) treating the composition with a DNase;

d) purifying the RNA by at least one step of chromatography or filtration to obtain purified RNA, wherein the following steps are used to assess the quality of the RNA obtained in step b or the purified RNA obtained in step d:

i) determining the concentration of the RNA or the purified RNA in a sample;

ii) determining the integrity of the RNA or the purified RNA;

iii) determining the identity of the RNA or the purified RNA, by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the RNA as a template;

iv) determining the purity of the RNA or the purified RNA, by determining in a sample comprising the RNA the presence of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA; and

v) determining the pH of a sample comprising the RNA or the purified RNA.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the poly(A) sequence is 50 to 300 adenine nucleotides.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein step b) comprising in vitro transcribing the template DNA in a reaction mixture that includes a cap analog in order to obtain a composition comprising capped RNA.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein b) in vitro transcribing the template DNA is in a reaction mixture that includes a modified nucleotide.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the modified nucleotide is 1-methyl-pseudouridine.

21. The method of claim 16 , wherein step wherein step b) comprises a step of enzymatically capping the RNA.

22. The method of claim 16 , further comprising determining the poly(A) length of the purified RNA.

23. The method of claim 22 , wherein determining the poly(A) length of the purified RNA comprises a PCR assay.

24. The method of claim 16 , further comprising determining the presence of plasmid template DNA or linearized template DNA in the purified RNA.

25. The method of claim 7 , wherein b) in vitro transcribing the linearized template DNA is in a reaction mixture that includes a cap analog, T7 polymerase, spermidine, an RNAse inhibitor and a HEPES buffer.

26. The method of claim 25 , wherein the reaction mixture includes a modified nucleotide comprising 1-methyl-pseydouridine.

27. The method of claim 26 , wherein determining the poly(A) length of the purified RNA comprises a PCR assay.

28. The method of claim 27 , wherein ii) determining the integrity of the purified RNA comprises a capillary gel electrophoresis assay.

29. The method of claim 28 , wherein the reaction mixture incudes the cap analog and GTP in a ratio of about 1:1.

30. A method for producing purified RNA comprising the following steps:

a) (i) providing plasmid template DNA comprising a nucleic acid sequence encoding the RNA sequence, said RNA sequence comprising a 5′ untranslated region (UTR), an open reading frame, a 3′ UTR and a Poly(A) sequence, and (ii) linearizing the plasmid template DNA with an endonuclease to provide a linearized template DNA,

wherein the linearized template DNA has been purified by filtration,

wherein the following steps are used to control the quality of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA of step a):

I) determining the concentration of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA in a sample;

II) determining the integrity of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA in a sample;

III) determining the identity of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA in a sample; and

IV) determining the purity of the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA by determining in a sample comprising the plasmid template DNA or the linearized template DNA: the presence of endotoxin;

and/or the presence of bacterial DNA;

b) in vitro transcribing the linearized template DNA in the presence of a cap analog in order to obtain a composition comprising capped RNA,

c) treating the composition with a DNase;

d) purifying the RNA by at least one step of chromatography or filtration to obtain purified RNA, wherein the following steps are used to assess the quality of the purified RNA obtained in step d:

i) determining the concentration of the purified RNA in a sample;

ii) determining the integrity of the purified RNA;

iii) determining the identity of the purified RNA, by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using the RNA as a template;

iv) determining the purity of the purified RNA, by determining in a sample comprising the RNA the presence of linearized template DNA;

v) determining the poly(A) length of the purified RNA; and

vi) determining the pH of a sample comprising the purified RNA.