Oil, gas and water well tracers with tunable release profile
A method includes introducing a fluoro-based small molecule tracer into a stimulation fluid, injecting the stimulation fluid into a target zone of a subterranean formation, and maintaining the fluoro-based small molecule tracer inside the target zone of the subterranean formation for an amount of time. While being maintained inside the target zone, the fluoro-based small molecule tracer comes into contact with water at a downhole temperature resulting in hydrolysis of the fluoro-based small molecule tracer to produce a fluorinated tracer and a nonfluorinated group. Then, produced fluid that includes the fluorinated tracer is recovered, a concentration of the fluorinated tracer in the hydrocarbons is determined, and the concentration of the fluorinated tracer is correlated to a productivity of the target zone of the subterranean formation.
1. A method comprising;
introducing a fluoro-based molecule-tracer into a stimulation fluid;
injecting the stimulation fluid comprising the fluoro-based molecule tracer into a target zone of a subterranean formation;
maintaining the fluoro-based molecule tracer inside the target zone of the subterranean formation for an amount of time, during which the fluoro-based molecule tracer comes into contact with water at a downhole temperature, wherein the water at the downhole temperature hydrolyzes bonds of the fluoro-based molecule tracer to produce a fluorinated tracer and a nonfluorinated group;
recovering produced fluid from the subterranean formation, wherein the produced fluid comprises the fluorinated tracer;
determining a concentration of the fluorinated tracer in the produced fluid; and
correlating the concentration of the fluorinated tracer to a productivity of the target zone of the subterranean formation.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the produced fluid comprises gaseous hydrocarbons.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fluorinated tracer is a low boiling fluoro alcohol having a boiling point of 90° C. or less.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the low boiling fluoro alcohol is selected from the group consisting of trifluoromethanol, trifluoroethanol, hexafluoro-2-propanol, nanofluoro-tert-butyl alcohol, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methyl-2-propanol, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-propanol, and combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the produced fluid comprises a crude oil and a water phase, wherein the water phase comprises the fluorinated tracer and the crude oil comprises the nonfluorinated group and any unhydrolyzed fluoro based molecular tracer.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the fluorinated tracer is a high boiling fluoro alcohol having a boiling point above 90° C.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the high boiling fluoro alcohol is selected from the group consisting of 2,2-difluoroethanol, 2-fluoroethanol, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol, pentafluorophenol, fluoroalcohols having an alkyl chain length ranging from C4-C12, pentafluorophenol, 5-fluoro-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole-6-carboxylic acid, 4-fluoro-phenylcarbamoyl)-3H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid, 5-fluoro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxylic acid, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1,4-butanediol, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1,6-hexanediol, and combinations thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the stimulation fluid is fracturing fluid.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising;
during a second stimulation stage, injecting a second fluoro-based molecule tracer into a second target zone of the subterranean formation;
maintaining the second fluoro-based molecule tracer inside the second target zone of the subterranean formation for an amount of time, during which the second fluoro-based molecule tracer comes into contact with water at a downhole temperature, wherein the water at the downhole temperature hydrolyzes bonds of the second fluoro-based molecule tracer to produce a second fluorinated tracer and a second nonfluorinated group;
recovering produced fluid from the subterranean formation, wherein the produced fluid comprises the fluorinated tracer and the second fluorinated tracer;
determining a concentration of the second fluorinated tracer; and
correlating the concentration of the second fluorinated tracer to a productivity of the target zone and the second target zone of the subterranean formation.