Integrated process for filtering constituents from a gas stream
The invention provides a process for producing a fermentable gas stream from a gas source that contains one or more constituent which may be harmful to the fermentation process. To produce the fermentable gas stream, the gas stream is passed through a specifically ordered series of removal modules. The removal modules remove and/or convert various constituents found in the gas stream which may have harmful effects on downstream removal modules and/or inhibitory effects on downstream gas fermenting microorganisms. At least a portion of the fermentable gas stream is preferably capable of being passed to a bioreactor, which contains gas fermenting microorganisms, without inhibiting the fermentation process.
1. A process for removing constituents from an input gas stream, comprising contacting the input gas stream with a catalyst to produce a fermentable gas stream, wherein the fermentable gas stream comprises less than 100 ppm oxygen, less than 1 ppm acetylene, and less than 1 ppm hydrogen cyanide, and wherein the catalyst comprises reduced metal copper supported on alumina, silica, titania, ceria, lanthana, carbon, silica-alumina, or zeolites.
2. The process of claim 1 , further comprising passing at least a portion of the fermentable gas stream to a bioreactor, wherein the bioreactor contains a culture comprising a fermentation broth and one or more microorganisms.
3. The process of claim 2 wherein at least one microorganism is a carboxydotrophic bacterium.
4. The process of claim 3 wherein the carboxydotrophic bacterium may be selected from Moorella, Clostridium , Ruminococcus, Acetobacterium, Eubacterium, Butyribacterium, Oxobacter, Methanosarcina, Desulfotomaculum , or any combination thereof.
5. The process of claim 1 wherein the microorganism is Clostridium autoethanogenum.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the input gas stream is a synthesis gas and/or a producer gas.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises measuring the level of constituents in the input gas stream and/or the fermentable gas stream.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein the input gas stream comprises CO, CO 2 , H 2 , or any combination thereof.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein the input gas stream comprises oxygen up to 7000 ppm, acetylene up to 700 ppm, and hydrogen cyanide up to 60 ppm.
10. The process of claim 1 , wherein the input gas stream comprises oxygen up to 10000 ppm, acetylene up to 1500 ppm, and hydrogen cyanide up to 500 ppm.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the input gas stream comprises carbon monoxide and the process consumes less than 10 percent of the carbon monoxide in the input gas stream.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process is carried out at a pressure of at least 138 kPag.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is copper (I) or sulfided copper (I) supported on alumina.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the catalyst is copper (II) or sulfided copper (II) supported on alumina.
15. The process of claim 1 wherein the input gas stream comprises mercury, the fermentable gas stream comprises less mercury than the input gas stream, and the copper is sulfided.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the input gas stream comprises oxygen up to 10000 ppm, acetylene up to 1500 ppm, and hydrogen cyanide up to 500 ppm.
17. An apparatus comprising:
a. a vessel having a vessel gas inlet and a vessel fermentable gas outlet wherein the vessel contains catalyst comprising copper supported on alumina, silica, titania, ceria, lanthana, carbon, silica-alumina, or zeolites wherein the copper is reduced metal copper or the catalyst is sulfided; and
b. a bioreactor having a bioreactor gas inlet in fluid communication with the vessel fermentable gas outlet and a bioreactor fermentation broth output wherein the bioreactor comprises at least one C1-fixing microorganism.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 further comprising at least one monitoring device in communication with the vessel gas inlet, the vessel fermentable gas outlet, or both.
19. A process for removing constituents from an input gas stream, comprising contacting the input gas stream with a catalyst to produce a fermentable gas stream, wherein the fermentable gas stream comprises less than 100 ppm oxygen, less than 1 ppm acetylene, and less than 1 ppm hydrogen cyanide, and wherein the catalyst comprises copper supported on alumina, silica, titania, ceria, lanthana, carbon, silica-alumina, or zeolites and wherein the catalyst is sulfided.
20. The process of claim 19 wherein the input gas stream comprises mercury and the fermentable gas stream comprises less mercury than the input gas stream.