Sulfur-containing organic compound assisted metal nanoparticle synthesis for three-way catalysis application
A method of manufacturing a catalyst article, the method comprising: providing a slurry comprising a support material, palladium ions, alkaline-earth-metal ions and an organic compound, wherein the organic compound comprises a functional group selected from a sulfo group (—SO 3 H), a sulfonyl group (—S(═O) 2 —) and a sulfinyl group (—S(═O)—); disposing the slurry on a substrate; and heating the slurry to form nanoparticles of the palladium and nanoparticles of a sulfate of the alkaline earth metal on the support material.
1. A catalyst article for use in an emissions treatment system, the catalyst article comprising:
a substrate; and
a first catalytic region on the substrate;
wherein the first catalytic region comprises a support material, palladium nanoparticles and alkaline-earth metal sulfate nanoparticles; and
wherein when a cross section of the first catalytic region of the catalyst article is subjected to area analysis by FE-EPMA under conditions of pixel (section) size of 0.34 μm ×0.34 μm and number of measured pixels (sections) of 256×256, a characteristic X-ray intensity (α: cps) of alkaline-earth metal element (Ae) and a characteristic X-ray intensity (β: cps) of the palladium (Pd) are measured for each pixel, and the Pearson correlation coefficient calculated using the resulting a and 0 in each pixel is designated as R Ae/Pd , then the value of R Ae/Pd is at least 0.75.
2. The catalyst article of claim 1 , wherein the palladium nanoparticles have a Rietveld crystallite size of no more than 60 nm and/or the alkaline-earth metal sulfate nanoparticles have a crystallite size of no more than 50 nm after aging at 1000° C. for 100 hours, preferably wherein the palladium nanoparticles have a crystallite size of no more than 40 nm and/or the alkaline-earth metal sulfate nanoparticles have a crystallite size of no more than 30 nm after aging at 1000° C. for 100 hours.
3. The catalyst article of claim 1 , wherein the alkaline-earth metal of the alkaline-earth metal sulfate comprises one or more of calcium, strontium and barium, preferably barium.
4. The catalyst article of claim 1 comprising a first catalytic region and a second catalytic region;
wherein the first catalytic region comprises a support material, palladium nanoparticles and alkaline-earth metal sulfate nanoparticles; and
wherein the second catalytic region comprises platinum and/or rhodium.
5. The catalyst article of claim 4 , wherein the first catalytic region forms a first layer on the substrate and the second catalytic region forms a second layer on the substrate, the first layer extending from a first end of the substrate and the second layer extending from a second end of the substrate, preferably wherein first and second catalytic regions are each disposed directly onto the substrate.
6. The catalyst article of claim 4 further comprising a third catalytic region, wherein the second catalytic region comprises platinum; and optionally wherein the third catalytic region comprises rhodium and is disposed on top of the first catalytic region and/or the second catalytic region such that the first and/or second catalytic regions are each located between the third catalytic region and the substrate.
7. A catalyst article for use in an emissions treatment system, the catalyst article comprising:
a substrate; and
a first catalytic region on the substrate;
wherein the first catalytic region comprises a support material, palladium nanoparticles and alkaline-earth metal sulfate nanoparticles;
wherein the alkaline-earth metal sulfate nanoparticles have a crystallite size of from 0.1 nm to 30 nm; and
wherein the palladium nanoparticles have a crystallite size of from 5 nm to 15 nm.