Charging EV battery using parallel buck and boost converters
Controlling a charging current while transferring energy from a source battery to a target battery in an electric vehicle (EV) includes operating, by control circuitry, a buck converter at a fixed switching frequency to transfer power from the source battery to the target battery, in a first operational mode; in response to detecting a first trigger event, transitioning from the first operational mode to a second operational mode to operate the buck converter at a variable switching frequency; and in response to detecting a second trigger event, transitioning to a third operational mode to activate a boost converter coupled to the source battery and the target battery.
1. A circuit for controlling a charging current while transferring energy from a source battery to a target battery in an electric vehicle (EV), the system comprising:
a buck converter configured to couple to the source battery and the target battery;
a boost converter configured to couple to the source battery and the target battery;
a boost switch that connects an output to the boost converter to the target battery in a closed state, and disconnects the boost converter from the target battery in an open state; and
control circuitry configured to:
(i) operate the buck converter at a fixed switching frequency in a first operational mode,
(ii) in response to detecting a first trigger event, transition from the first operational mode to a second operational mode to operate the buck converter at a variable switching frequency, and
(iii) in response to detecting a second trigger event, transition to a third operational mode to activate the boost converter.
2. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
after transitioning to the third operational mode, regulate a charging current through the boost converter so as to substantially compensate for a differential between a desired charging current and a decaying current through the buck converter.
3. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein to detect the first trigger event, the control circuitry is configured to determine that a voltage differential between the source battery and the target battery is below a threshold voltage value.
4. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein to detect the first trigger event, the control circuitry is configured to determine that a duty cycle of the buck converter exceeds a threshold duty cycle value.
5. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
upon transitioning to the third operational mode, operate the boost converter at a variable switching frequency; and
in response to detecting a third trigger event, transition from the third operational mode to a fourth operational mode to operate the boost converter at a fixed switching frequency.
6. The circuit of claim 5 , wherein to determine the third trigger event, the control circuitry is configured to:
determine that a voltage differential between the source battery and the target battery is below a second threshold voltage value.
7. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
subsequently to transitioning to the fourth operational mode and in response to determining that no current flows through the buck converter, deactivate the buck converter.
8. A system comprising:
a source battery;
a buck converter configured to couple to the source battery and a target battery in an electric vehicle (EV);
a boost converter configured to couple to the source battery and the target battery;
a boost switch that connects an output to the boost converter to the target battery in a closed state, and disconnects the boost converter from the target battery in an open state; and
control circuitry configured to:
(i) operate the buck converter at a fixed switching frequency in a first operational mode,
(ii) in response to detecting a first trigger event, transition from the first operational mode to a second operational mode to operate the buck converter at a variable switching frequency, and
(iii) in response to detecting a second trigger event, transition to a third operational mode to activate the boost converter.