Green cationization agent
A compound having Formula (I) or Formula (II): or a mixture thereof, in which R is —H; —CH 3 ; —CH—(CH 3 ) 2 ; —CH 2 —CH—(CH 3 ) 2 ; —CH—(CH 3 )—CH 2 —CH 3 ; —CH 2 —(C 6 H 5 ); —CH 2 —(3-indole); —CH 2 —CH 2 —S—CH 3 ; —CH 2 —OH; —CH—(CH 3 )—OH; —CH 2 —SH; —CH 2 -(p-C 6 H 4 OH); —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —NH 2 ; —CH 2 —CO—NH 2 ; —CH 2 —CH 2 —CO—NH 2 ; —CH 2 —CH 2 —COOH; —CH 2 —COOH; or —CH 2 —CH 2 —NH—C═NH 2 (NH 2 ); and X is a suitable non-interfering anion, a process for making the compound having Formula (I) or Formula (II), and a process for reacting the compound having Formula (I) or Formula (II) or a mixture thereof with a (poly)saccharide to form a cationized (poly)saccharide.
1. A compound having Formula (I) or Formula (II):
or a mixture of both a compound having Formula (I) and a compound having Formula (II),
wherein R is —H; —CH 3 ; —CH—(CH 3 ) 2 ; —CH 2 —CH—(CH 3 ) 2 ; —CH—(CH 3 )—CH 2 —CH 3 ; —CH 2 —(C 6 H 5 ); —CH 2 -(3-indole); —CH 2 —CH 2 —S—CH 3 ; —CH 2 —OH; —CH—(CH 3 )—OH; —CH 2 —SH; —CH 2 -(p-C 6 H 4 OH); —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH 2 —NH 2 ; —CH 2 —CO—NH 2 ; —CH 2 —CH 2 —CO—NH 2 ; —CH 2 —CH 2 —COOH; —CH 2 —COOH; or —CH 2 —CH 2 —NH—C═NH 2 (NH 2 );
and X is an anion.
2. A process for producing the compound having Formula (I) as defined in claim 1 , comprising:
providing a first compound having either Formula (III) or Formula (IIIa):
wherein R and X are as defined in claim 1 ;
providing epichlorohydrin, having formula:
or
providing 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, having formula:
ClCH 2 —CH(OH)—CH 2 Cl
or
providing a mixture of both epichlorohydrin and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol; and
reacting the first compound with the epichlorohydrin or the 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol or the mixture of epichlorohydrin and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol under suitable esterification conditions to form the compound having Formula (I).
3. A process for producing the compound having Formula (II) as defined in claim 1 , comprising:
providing a first compound having either Formula (III) or Formula (IIIa):
wherein R and X are as defined in claim 1 ;
providing epichlorohydrin, having formula:
or
providing 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol, having formula:
ClCH 2 —CH(OH)—CH 2 Cl
or
providing a mixture of both epichlorohydrin and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol;
reacting the first compound with the epichlorohydrin or the 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol or the mixture of epichlorohydrin and 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol under suitable esterification conditions to form the compound having Formula (I), and
converting the compound having Formula (I) to the compound having Formula (II) by an epoxidation reaction.
4. A cationic (poly)saccharide comprising a reaction product of the compound having the Formula (I) or the compound having the Formula (II) or a mixture of both the compound having Formula (I) and the compound having Formula (II) of claim 1 with a (poly)saccharide, wherein the (poly)saccharide is a starch, a guar, or a cellulose.
5. The cationic (poly)saccharide according to claim 4 , wherein the cationic (poly)saccharide comprises the reaction product made with the compound having Formula (I).
6. The cationic (poly)saccharide according to claim 4 , wherein the cationic (poly)saccharide comprises the reaction product made with the compound having Formula (II).
7. The cationic (poly)saccharide according to claim 4 , wherein the cationic (poly)saccharide comprises the reaction product made with the mixture of both the compound having Formula (I) and the compound having Formula (II).
8. A process for producing a cationic (poly)saccharide comprising:
providing a suitable (poly)saccharide;
providing the compound having Formula (I) or the compound having Formula (II) or a mixture of both the compound having Formula (I) and the compound having Formula (II) as defined in claim 1 ;
reacting the suitable (poly)saccharide with the compound having Formula (I) or the compound having Formula (II) or the mixture of both the compound having Formula (I) and the compound having Formula (II) under suitable conditions to result in reaction to form the cationic (poly)saccharide.
9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the (poly)saccharide is a starch, a guar, or a cellulose.
10. The process according to claim 8 wherein the cationic (poly)saccharide comprises the reaction product made with the compound having Formula (I).
11. The process according to claim 9 wherein the cationic (poly)saccharide comprises the reaction product made with the compound having Formula (I).
12. The process according to claim 8 wherein the cationic (poly)saccharide comprises the reaction product made with the compound having Formula (II).
13. The process according to claim 9 wherein the cationic (poly)saccharide comprises the reaction product made with the compound having Formula (II).
14. The process according to claim 8 wherein the cationic (poly)saccharide comprises the reaction product made with the mixture of both the compound having Formula (I) and the compound having Formula (II).
15. The process according to claim 9 wherein the cationic (poly)saccharide comprises the reaction product made with the mixture of both the compound having Formula (I) and the compound having Formula (II).