Cellulosic articles made from cellulosic materials and methods therefor
The invention relates to systems and techniques for manufacturing articles containing cellulosic material, a coupling agent, and a binder resin, and related processes of making and using the cellulosic articles. In particularly exemplary embodiments, the manufactured articles are door skins, sometimes known as door facings, and doors made from the door skins. The article contains a lipophilic cellulosic material, a coupling agent, and a binder. The coupling agent is believed to increase the hydrophilicity (wetability) of the lipophilic cellulosic material.
1. A composite article, comprising: a hydrophobic and lipophilic cellulosic material, a non-lipophilic cellulosic material, a coupling agent increasing hydrophilicity of the hydrophobic and lipophilic cellulosic material, and a binder, wherein the non-lipophilic cellulosic material and the hydrophobic and lipophilic cellulosic material form a total cellulosic material, and the total cellulosic material comprises about 10 wt % to about 98 wt % of the liphophilic cellulosic material base on the total weight of the total cellulosic material, wherein the total cellulosic material comprises greater than 25 wt % of Acacia fibers, with the balance being made up of mixed tropical hardwood.
2. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic and lipophilic cellulosic material is Acacia wood, Eucalytus wood, cypress wood, rice straws, wheat straws as annual fibers, or combinations thereof.
3. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises urea formaldehyde (UF), phenol formaldehyde (PF), melamine urea formaldehyde (mUF), polymethylene poly(phenyl isocyanates) (pMDI), or combinations thereof.
4. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the coupling agent is an organic compound having a lipophilic portion and a hydrophilic portion.
5. The composite article of claim 4 , wherein the lipophilic portion comprises linear or branched olefins of C4 to C30.
6. The composite article of claim 5 , wherein the hydrophilic portion comprises hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, carbonyl, esters, ethers, glucoside, or combinations thereof.
7. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the coupling agent has a hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB) of 7 to 15.
8. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the coupling agent comprises an ether, an ester, an amine, an amide, or a glucoside.
9. The composite article of claim 8 , wherein
A) the ether has the chemical formula
B) the ester has the chemical formula
C) the amine has the chemical formula
(D) the amide has the chemical formula or
(E) the glucoside has the chemical formula
wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon chain having 9 to 30 carbons, preferably 9 to 18 carbons; and n is an integer of 2 to 15.
10. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the coupling agent comprises polyoxyethylene dioleate, dilaurate ester, polyoxyethylene alkylamines, alkyl polyglucosides, octylphenol ethoxylate, t-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, ethoxylated tridecyl alcohol, or combinations thereof.
11. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the coupling agent is polyoxyethylene dioleate or polyoxyethylene alkylamines.
12. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of coupling agent to lipophilic cellulosic material is about 0.1 wt % to about 5 wt %.
13. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the composite article comprises about 0.1 to about 5 wt % of the coupling agent.
14. The composite article of claim 13 , wherein the composite article comprises about 2 to about 12 wt % of the binder.
15. A door skin comprising the composite article of claim 1 .
16. A door comprising the door skin of claim 15 .
17. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the total cellulosic material comprises particles, powder, fibers, chips, strands, flakes, shavings, sawdust, or combinations thereof.
18. The composite article of claim 1 , wherein the hydrophobic and lipophilic cellulosic material comprises Acacia wood, the non-lipophilic cellulosic material comprises mixed tropical hardwood, the binder comprises urea formaldehyde (UF) or phenol formaldehyde (PF), and the coupling agent comprises polyoxyethylene dioleate or polyoxyethylene alkylmines.
19. A method of making a composite article, comprising the steps of:
a) forming a mixture by combining a hydrophobic and lipophilic cellulosic material, a non-lipophilic cellulosic material, a coupling agent increasing hydrophilicity of the hydrophobic and lipophilic cellulosic material, and binder, wherein the non-lipophilic cellulosic material and the hydrophobic and lipophilic cellulosic material form a total cellulosic material, and the total cellulosic material comprises about 10 wt % to about 98 wt % of the hydrophobic and lipophilic cellulosic material base on the total weight of the total cellulosic material, wherein the total cellulosic material comprises greater than 25 wt % of Acacia fibers, with the balance being made up of mixed tropical hardwood;
b) forming a cellulosic mat from the mixture; and
c) consolidating the cellulosic mat under pressure and heat to form the composite article.