Semi-conformable pressure application system and method for joining composite parts
A system and method for fusing at least two thermoplastic composite components together may include placing faying surfaces of the thermoplastic composite components in contact with each other, placing a separation layer over and against one of the thermoplastic composite components, and placing a multi-layer composite pressure pad over and in contact with the separation layer. The method may also include placing an activated inductor against the multi-layer composite pressure pad for induction welding the two thermoplastic composite components to each other. The thermoplastic composite components may comprise conductive fibers while the multi-layer composite pressure pad may comprise a first layer and a second layer with non-conductive fibers. The first layer may at least partially melt during induction welding of the two thermoplastic composite components while the second layer may remain rigid throughout this welding.
1 . A system for fusing at least two thermoplastic composite components together, the system comprising:
a composite part comprising—
a first thermoplastic composite component comprising a first faying surface and a first non-faying surface;
a second thermoplastic composite component comprising a second faying surface, wherein at least a portion of the second faying surface is in contact with at least a portion of the first faying surface for fusing thereto, wherein the first and second thermoplastic composite components each comprise one or more matrix materials and conductive fibers;
a multi-layer composite pressure pad placed over at least a portion of at least one of the first thermoplastic composite component and the second thermoplastic composite component, the multi-layer composite pressure pad comprising:
a first layer having non-conductive reinforcement and a second matrix material with a melting point that is the same or lower than a melting point of the one or more matrix materials of the first and the second thermoplastic composite components, and
a second layer that is rigid and non-conductive and remains rigid at temperatures up to a threshold that is greater than the melting point of the one or more matrix materials of the first and the second thermoplastic composite components, wherein the first layer is between the second layer and at least one of the first thermoplastic composite component and the second thermoplastic composite component; and
an inductor in contact with the second layer of the multi-layer composite pressure pad, wherein the inductor is activated for heating the first faying surface and the second faying surface for fusing thereof via induction welding.
2 . The system of claim 1 , further comprising a separation layer placed over and against the first non-faying surface and located between the first layer of the multi-layer composite pressure pad and at least one of the first thermoplastic composite component and the second thermoplastic composite component.
3 . The system of claim 2 , wherein the separation layer is a release film and has a higher melting point than the second matrix material of the first layer of the multi-layer composite pressure pad and a higher melting point than the one or more matrix materials of at least one of the first thermoplastic composite component and the second thermoplastic composite component.
4 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the second layer of the multi-layer composite pressure pad comprises non-conductive reinforcement and a third matrix material having a melting point that is greater than the melting point of the one or more matrix materials of the first and the second thermoplastic composite components.
5 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the second layer encases all sides of the first layer except for sides of the first layer that face at least one of the first thermoplastic composite component and the second thermoplastic composite component.
6 . The system of claim 1 , wherein the inductor presses the multi-layer composite pressure pad against at least one of the first thermoplastic composite component and the second thermoplastic composite component.
7 . The system of claim 1 , wherein, when activated, the inductor and heats the first thermoplastic composite component and the second thermoplastic composite component to a temperature at or beyond the melting point of the one or more matrix materials of the first and the second thermoplastic composite components.
8 . The system of claim 7 , wherein the first layer comprises a melted portion in which the second matrix material of the first layer is melted via conduction from the first thermoplastic composite component.
9 . The system of claim 8 , wherein the first layer comprises an outer margin portion where the second matrix material of the first layer remains solid while the second matrix material in the melted portion of the first layer remains melted, thus trapping the melted portion of the first layer between the second layer, the outer margin portion of the first layer, and at least one of the first thermoplastic composite component and the second thermoplastic composite component.
10 . A method for fusing at least two thermoplastic composite components together, the method comprising:
placing a first thermoplastic composite component comprising a first faying surface and a first non-faying surface onto a second thermoplastic composite component comprising a second faying surface such that the first faying surface and the second faying surface contact each other, wherein the first and second thermoplastic composite components each comprise conductive fibers and a first matrix material;
placing a separation layer over and against at least a portion of one or both of the first thermoplastic composite component and the second thermoplastic composite component;
placing a multi-layer composite pressure pad over and in contact with the separation layer, the multi-layer composite pressure pad comprising:
a first layer having non-conductive reinforcement and a second matrix material with a melting point that is the same or lower than a melting point of the first matrix material of the first and the second thermoplastic composite components, wherein at least a portion of the first layer contacts the separation layer, and
a second layer having non-conductive fibers and a third matrix material with a melting point that is greater than the melting point of the first matrix material of the first and the second thermoplastic composite components, wherein the first layer is between the second layer and the separation layer; and
placing an activated inductor against the second layer of the multi-layer composite pressure pad, wherein the activated inductor induction welds the first faying surface to the second faying surface.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the separation layer is a release film and has a higher melting point than the second matrix material of the first layer of the multi-layer composite pressure pad and a higher melting point than the first matrix material of the first thermoplastic composite component and the second thermoplastic composite component.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the second layer encases all sides of the first layer except for sides of the first layer that contact the separation layer.
13 . The method of claim 10 , wherein placing an activated inductor against the second layer comprises pressing the activated inductor against the multi-layer composite pressure pad toward and against the separation layer, pressing the first thermoplastic composite component against the second thermoplastic composite component at the first and second faying surfaces.
14 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising heating the first thermoplastic composite component and the second thermoplastic composite component via the activated inductor to a temperature at or beyond the melting point of the first matrix material of the first and the second thermoplastic composite components.
15 . The method of claim 14 , wherein conduction from the first thermoplastic composite component melts at least a portion of the second matrix material of the first layer in contact with the separation layer.
16 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the at least a portion of the second matrix material of the first layer melted by conduction is a melted portion and wherein the first layer comprises an outer margin portion where the second matrix material of the first layer remains solid while the second matrix material in the melted portion of the first layer remains melted, thereby trapping the melted portion of the first layer between the second layer, the outer margin portion of the first layer, and the separation layer.
17 . A method for step-welding at least two thermoplastic composite components together, the method comprising:
placing a first thermoplastic composite component comprising a first faying surface and a first non-faying surface onto a second thermoplastic composite component comprising a second faying surface such that the first faying surface and the second faying surface contact each other, wherein the first and second thermoplastic composite components each comprise conductive fibers and a first matrix material;
placing a separation layer over and against at least a portion of one or both of the first thermoplastic composite component and the second thermoplastic composite component, wherein the separation layer is a release film;
placing a multi-layer composite pressure pad over and in contact with the separation layer, the multi-layer composite pressure pad comprising:
a first layer having non-conductive fibers and a second matrix material with a melting point that is the same or lower than a melting point of the first matrix material, wherein at least a portion of the first layer contacts the separation layer, and
a second layer having non-conductive fibers and a third matrix material with a melting point that is greater than the melting point of the first matrix material, wherein the first layer is between the second layer and the separation layer; and
placing an activated inductor against the second layer of the multi-layer composite pressure pad, wherein the activated inductor induction welds the first faying surface to the second faying surface via induction welding, wherein the separation layer has a higher melting point that the first matrix material and the second matrix material.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein conduction from the first thermoplastic composite component melts at least a portion of the second matrix material of the first layer in contact with the separation layer, wherein the at least a portion of the second matrix material of the first layer melted by conduction is a melted portion.
19 . The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
pressing the activated inductor against the second layer such that peripheral portions of the second layer press against at least one of the separation layer, the first thermoplastic composite component, and the second thermoplastic composite component,
wherein the second layer encases all sides of the first layer except for sides of the first layer that contact the separation layer, the first thermoplastic composite component, or the second thermoplastic composite component,
wherein the melted portion of the first layer remains contained between the second layer of the multi-layer composite pressure pad and at least one of the separation layer, the first thermoplastic composite component, and the second thermoplastic composite component.
20 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the first thermoplastic composite component is a stiffener and the second thermoplastic composite component is a composite skin.