Heat pipe reactors with arbitrary heat exchangers
A heat pipe reactor may include a heat pipe array with a reactor core at any distance along the length of the heat pipe array. Heat exchangers may be placed on both sides of reactor core. The heat pipe array may also be attached to one or more decay or similar heat exchangers placed near one or both sides of the reactor core, allowing heat removal following shutdown.
1 . A heat pipe reactor, comprising:
a reactor core; and
a heat pipe, wherein the heat pipe defines:
a first end;
a second end opposite the first end, wherein the first end and the second end of the heat pipe each comprise a condenser; and
an evaporator region located between the first end and the second end of the heat pipe, wherein the evaporator region is non-centered along a length of the heat pipe between the first end and the second end and wherein the evaporator region of the heat pipe is positioned within the reactor core such that heat from the reactor core enters the evaporator region of the heat pipe during operation of the heat pipe reactor, and wherein the heat pipe contains a working fluid;
a first heat exchanger disposed along a first length of the heat pipe proximate the first end of the heat pipe;
a second heat exchanger disposed along a second length of the heat pie proximate the second end of the heat pipe, wherein the first and second heat exchangers are configured to allow the heat from the evaporator region to be transferred out of one or both ends of the heat pipe, and wherein an amount of heat transferred from the evaporator region to the first heat exchanger differs from an amount of heat transferred from the evaporator region to the second heat exchanger; and
a third heat exchanger disposed along a third length of the heat pipe between the evaporator region and the first heat exchanger, the third heat exchanger positioned proximate the evaporator region and the third length shorter than the first and second lengths.
2 . The heat pipe reactor of claim 1 , wherein the condenser at the first end of the heat pipe is coupled to the first heat exchanger and wherein the condenser at the second end of the heat pipe is coupled to the second heat exchanger.
3 . The heat pipe reactor of claim 2 , wherein, in response to the heat entering the evaporator region of the heat pipe, the heat pipe reactor is configured to vaporize at least a portion of the working fluid in the heat pipe, and
wherein at least a portion of the vaporized working fluid condenses at or near the condensers, allowing the heat from the evaporator region to be transferred to the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.
4 . The heat pipe reactor of claim 1 , further comprising:
a fourth heat exchanger disposed on the heat pipe between the evaporator region and the second heat exchanger, the fourth heat exchanger positioned proximate the evaporator region.
5 . The heat pipe reactor of claim 1 , wherein the heat pipe comprises a partition disposed in the evaporator region, wherein the partition defines a first zone and a second zone of the heat pipe, wherein the first zone is hydraulically isolated for a flow of a working fluid in a first direction, and wherein the second zone is hydraulically isolated for a flow of the working fluid in a second direction.
6 . The heat pipe reactor of claim 1 , wherein the working fluid comprises an alkali metal.
7 . The heat pipe reactor of claim 6 , wherein the working fluid comprises sodium, potassium, or lithium.
8 . The heat pipe reactor of claim 1 , wherein the heat pipe further comprises a non-condensable gas, the non-condensable gas comprising helium, argon, or nitrogen.