BACTERIA ENGINEERED TO TREAT DISEASES THAT BENEFIT FROM REDUCED GUT INFLAMMATION AND/OR TIGHTENED GUT MUCOSAL BARRIER
Genetically engineered bacteria, pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of treating or preventing autoimmune disorders, inhibiting inflammatory mechanisms in the gut, and/or tightening gut mucosal barrier function are disclosed.
1 . A genetically engineered bacterium comprising a non-native gene encoding IL-22 operably linked to an inducible promoter and further comprising a mutation or deletion of a native gene encoding a protein that tethers the bacterium's outer membrane to its peptidoglycan skeleton.
2 . The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the protein that tethers the bacterium's outer membrane to its peptidoglycan skeleton is selected from the group consisting of peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein pal, lipoprotein lpp, outer-membrane porin ompC, outer-membrane porin ompA, outer-membrane porin ompF, tolA, tolB, and combinations thereof.
3 . The bacterium of claim 2 , wherein the protein that tethers the bacterium's outer membrane to its peptidoglycan skeleton is peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein pal.
4 . The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the non-native gene encoding IL-22 is operably linked to a promoter capable of being induced under low-oxygen or anaerobic conditions.
5 . The bacterium of claim 4 , wherein the promoter is an FNR-responsive promoter, an ANR-responsive promoter, or a DNR-responsive promoter.
6 . The bacterium of claim 5 , wherein the promoter is an FNR-responsive promoter.
7 . The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the non-native gene encoding IL-22 is operably linked to a promoter capable of being induced by tetracycline.
8 . The bacterium of claim 1 , further comprising a mutation or deletion of a native gene encoding a periplasmic protease.
9 . The bacterium of claim 8 , wherein the periplasmic protease is selected from the group consisting of degS, degP, nlpl, and combinations thereof.
10 . The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the non-native gene encoding IL-22 is located on a chromosome in the bacterium.
11 . The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the non-native gene encoding IL-22 is located on a plasmid in the bacterium.
12 . The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the non-native gene encoding IL-22 further comprises an N-terminal secretion tag.
13 . The bacterium of claim 12 , wherein the N-terminal secretion tag facilitates sec-dependent secretion of IL-22.
14 . The bacterium of claim 13 , wherein the N-terminal secretion tag is selected from PhoA, OmpF, OmpA, and CvaC.
15 . The bacterium of claim 14 , wherein the bacterium is selected from the group consisting of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Escherichia, Lactobacillus , and Lactococcus.
16 . The bacterium of claim 15 , wherein the bacterium is Escherichia coli.
17 . The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the bacterium is an auxotroph in a gene that is complemented when the bacterium is present in a mammalian gut.
18 . The bacterium of claim 17 , wherein the bacterium is an auxotroph in diaminopimelic acid or an enzyme in the thymine biosynthetic pathway.
19 . A pharmaceutically acceptable composition comprising the bacterium of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
20 . The bacterium of claim 1 for use in a method of treating a disease or condition associated with gut inflammation and/or compromised gut barrier function.
21 . The bacterium for use according to claim 21 , wherein the disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, Addison's disease, agammaglobulinemia, alopecia areata, amyloidosis, ankylosing spondylitis, anti-GBM/anti-TBM nephritis, antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), autoimmune angioedema, autoimmune aplastic anemia, autoimmune dysautonomia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, autoimmune hepatitis, autoimmune hyperlipidemia, autoimmune immunodeficiency, autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED), autoimmune myocarditis, autoimmune oophoritis, autoimmune pancreatitis, autoimmune retinopathy, autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP), autoimmune thyroid disease, autoimmune urticarial, Axonal & neuronal neuropathies, Balo disease, Behcet's disease, Bullous pemphigoid, Cardiomyopathy, Castleman disease, Celiac disease, Chagas disease, Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), Chronic recurrent multifocal ostomyelitis (CRMO), Churg-Strauss syndrome, Cicatricial pemphigoid/benign mucosal pemphigoid, Crohn's disease, Cogan syndrome, Cold agglutinin disease, Congenital heart block, Coxsackie myocarditis, CREST disease, Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia, Demyelinating neuropathies, Dermatitis herpetiformis, Dermatomyositis, Devic's disease (neuromyelitis optica), Discoid lupus, Dressler's syndrome, Endometriosis, Eosinophilic esophagitis, Eosinophilic fasciitis, Erythema nodosum, Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, Evans syndrome, Fibrosing alveolitis, Giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis), Giant cell myocarditis, Glomerulonephritis, Goodpasture's syndrome, Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA), Graves' disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hashimoto's encephalitis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Hemolytic anemia, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Herpes gestationis, Hypogammaglobulinemia, Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), IgA nephropathy, IgG4-related sclerosing disease, Immunoregulatory lipoproteins, Inclusion body myositis, Interstitial cystitis, Juvenile arthritis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Juvenile myositis, Kawasaki syndrome, Lambert-Eaton syndrome, Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, Lichen planus, Lichen sclerosus, Ligneous conjunctivitis, Linear IgA disease (LAD), Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus), chronic Lyme disease, Meniere's disease, Microscopic polyangiitis, Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), Mooren's ulcer, Mucha-Habermann disease, Multiple sclerosis, Myasthenia gravis, Myositis, Narcolepsy, Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's), Neutropenia, Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, Optic neuritis, Palindromic rheumatism, PANDAS (Pediatric autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcus ), Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), Parry Romberg syndrome, Parsonnage-Turner syndrome, Pars planitis (peripheral uveitis), Pemphigus, Peripheral neuropathy, Perivenous encephalomyelitis, Pernicious anemia, POEMS syndrome, Polyarteritis nodosa, Type I, II, & III autoimmune polyglandular syndromes, Polymyalgia rheumatic, Polymyositis, Postmyocardial infarction syndrome, Postpericardiotomy syndrome, Progesterone dermatitis, Primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Psoriasis, Psoriatic arthritis, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Pyoderma gangrenosum, Pure red cell aplasia, Raynauds phenomenon, reactive arthritis, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, Reiter's syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, restless legs syndrome, retroperitoneal fibrosis, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, Schmidt syndrome, scleritis, scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome, sperm & testicular autoimmunity, stiff person syndrome, subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE), Susac's syndrome, sympathetic ophthalmia, Takayasu's arteritis, temporal arteritis/giant cell arteritis, thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), Tolosa-Hunt syndrome, transverse myelitis, type 1 diabetes, asthma, ulcerative colitis, undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD), uveitis, vasculitis, vesiculobullous dermatosis, vitiligo, and Wegener's granulomatosis.