IP Library › Granted Patent US 12,395,648
Granted Patent B2
US 12,395,648 · App. 17/836,309 · Granted Aug 19, 2025

Apparatus, a method and a computer program for video coding

Inventors: Jani Lainema (Tampere, FI); Kemal Ugur (Tampere, FI)
Assignee: NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY
H04N19/182H04N19/105H04N19/107H04N19/11H04N19/196H04N19/197
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Quick Facts
Patent No.
US 12,395,648
App. No.
17/836,309
Granted
Aug 19, 2025
Kind
B2
Abstract

There is disclosed an apparatus, a method and a computer program for video coding. The apparatus comprises a selector configured for selecting a pixel for prediction; a projection definer configured for determining a projection of said pixel to a set of reference pixels; and a prediction definer configured for selecting one or more reference pixels from said set of reference pixels on the basis of said projection, and using said selected one or more reference pixels to obtain a prediction value for said pixel to be predicted.

Claims (81)

1. An apparatus comprising at least a processor, and a memory associated with said processor and having computer coded instructions stored therein, said instructions when executed by the processor causing the apparatus to perform:

determining a set of reference pixels, wherein the set of reference pixels for a current block is already encoded pixels on a row above the current block and on a column left of the current block;

determining a projection of a pixel of the current block to the set of reference pixels based on a directionality for the current block;

selecting a plurality of reference pixels from the set of reference pixels on the basis of said projection, wherein the plurality of reference pixels selected from the set of reference pixels are on the row above the current block for at least one pixel of the current block and are on the column left of the current block for at least one other pixel of the current block;

obtaining a prediction value for the pixel of the current block based upon the plurality of reference pixels that were selected from the set of reference pixels; and

encoding image information of the current block into a bit stream.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the directionality for the current block is expressed with reference to the pixel on a last column and a last row of the current block and a row or column of the set of reference pixels.

3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the apparatus is caused to determine the projection of said pixel to the set of reference pixels by being caused to determine the projection to a line of reference pictures, and wherein the apparatus is caused to obtain the prediction value by being caused to utilize distance of the projection from the plurality of reference pixels that were selected from the set of reference pixels.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising computer instructions causing the apparatus to perform:

determining a directionality value for the current block of pixels.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising computer instructions causing the apparatus to perform: encoding information indicative of the projection and intra-encoding method into the bit stream.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein an image comprises at least four blocks of pixels in two or more rows and in two or more columns, each block of pixels comprising at least two rows of pixels and two columns of pixels, the apparatus further comprising computer instructions causing the apparatus to perform encoding the image block-wise from left to right and from top to bottom, and determining the projection on the basis of the pixel at the lower right corner of the block as a control point.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the directionality for the current block comprises an angle indicted as a displacement of a row or column of the current block with respect to a row or column, respectively, of pixels of a neighboring block.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein values of the reference pixels are filtered or processed prior to use as a reference.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the prediction value for the pixel to be predicted is based on values of non-adjacent reference pixels spaced apart from one another.

10. A method comprising:

determining a set of reference pixels, wherein the set of reference pixels for a current block is already encoded pixels on a row above the current block and on a column left of the current block;

determining a projection of a pixel of the current block to the set of reference pixels based on a directionality for the current block;

selecting a plurality of reference pixels from the set of reference pixels on the basis of said projection, wherein the plurality of reference pixels selected from the set of reference pixels are on the row above the current block for at least one pixel of the current block and are on the column left of the current block for at least one other pixel of the current block;

obtaining a prediction value for the pixel of the current block based on the plurality of reference pixels that were selected from the set of reference pixels; and

encoding image information of the current block into a bit stream.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the directionality for the current block is expressed with reference to the pixel on a last column and a last row of the current block and a row or column of the set of reference pixels.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein determining the projection of said pixel to the set of reference pixels comprises determining the projection to a line of reference pictures, and wherein obtaining the prediction value comprises utilizing distance of the projection from the plurality of reference pixels that were selected from the set of reference pixels.

13. The method of claim 10 , further comprising: determining a directionality value for the current block of pixels.

14. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

encoding information indicative of the projection and encoding method into the bit stream.

15. The method of claim 10 , wherein an image comprises at least four blocks of pixels in two or more rows and in two or more columns, each block of pixels comprising at least two rows of pixels and two columns of pixels, the method further comprising: determining the projection on the basis of the pixel at the lower right corner of the block as a control point.

16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the directionality for the current block comprises an angle indicted as a displacement of a row or column of the current block with respect to a row or column, respectively, of pixels of a neighboring block.

17. The method of claim 10 , wherein values of the reference pixels are filtered or processed prior to use as a reference.

18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the prediction value for the pixel to be predicted is based on values of non-adjacent reference pixels spaced apart from one another.

19. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having computer coded instructions stored therein, said instructions when executed by a processor cause an apparatus to:

determine a set of reference pixels, wherein the set of reference pixels for a current block is already encoded pixels on a row above the current block and on a column left of the current block;

determine a projection of a pixel of the current block to the set of reference pixels based on a directionality for the current block;

select a plurality of reference pixels from the set of reference pixels on the basis of said projection, wherein the plurality of reference pixels selected from the set of reference pixels are on the row above the current block for at least one pixel of the current block and are on the column left of the current block for at least one other pixel of the current block;

obtain a prediction value for the pixel of the current block based on the plurality of reference pixels that were selected from the set of reference pixels; and

encode image information of the current block into a bit stream.

20. The computer program product of claim 19 , wherein the directionality for the current block is expressed with reference to the pixel on a last column and a last row of the current block and a row or column of the set of reference pixels.

21. The computer program product of claim 19 , wherein the instructions cause the apparatus to determine the projection of said pixel to the set of reference pixels by determining the projection to a line of reference pictures, and wherein the instructions cause the apparatus to obtain the prediction value by utilizing distance of the projection from the plurality of reference pixels that were selected from the set of reference pixels.

22. The computer program product of claim 19 , wherein said instructions further cause the apparatus to determine a directionality value for the current block of pixels.

23. The computer program product of claim 19 , wherein said instructions further cause the apparatus to encode information indicative of the projection and encoding method into bit stream.

24. The computer program product of claim 19 , wherein an image comprises at least four blocks of pixels in two or more rows and in two or more columns, each block of pixels comprising at least two rows of pixels and two columns of pixels, and wherein said instructions further cause the apparatus to determine the projection on the basis of the pixel at the lower right corner of the block as a control point.

25. The computer program product of claim 19 , wherein the directionality for the current block comprises an angle indicted as a displacement of a row or column of the current block with respect to a row or column, respectively, of pixels of a neighboring block.

26. The computer program product of claim 19 , wherein values of the reference pixels are filtered or processed prior to use as a reference.

27. The computer program product of claim 19 , wherein the prediction value for the pixel to be predicted is based on values of non-adjacent reference pixels spaced apart from one another.

28. An apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory, said at least one memory stored with code thereon, which when executed by said at least one processor, causes the apparatus to:

based on information that is received, examine an indication of a directionality regarding a current block of pixels of an image to be decoded with the current block including a pixel to be intra predicted;

determine a set of reference pixels, wherein the set of reference pixels for the current block is already decoded pixels on a row above the current block and on a column left of the current block;

determine a projection of said pixel to the set of reference pixels based on the directionality for the current block;

select a plurality of reference pixels from the set of reference pixels on the basis of said projection, wherein the apparatus is caused to select the plurality of reference pixels by being caused to select the plurality of reference pixels from the set of reference pixels that are on the row above the current block for at least one pixel of the current block and that are on the column left of the current block for at least one other pixel of the current block; and

obtain a prediction value for the pixel to be predicted based on the plurality of reference pixels that were selected from the set of reference pixels.

29. The apparatus of claim 28 , wherein apparatus is caused to determine the projection of said pixel to the set of reference pixels by being caused to determine the projection to a line of reference pictures, and wherein the apparatus is caused to obtain the prediction value by being caused to utilize distance of the projection from the plurality of reference pixels that were selected from the set of reference pixels.

30. The apparatus of claim 28 , wherein the directionality for the current block is expressed with reference to the pixel on a last column and a last row of the current block and a row or column of the set of reference pixels.

31. The apparatus of claim 28 , further caused to receive an indication of the projection.

32. The apparatus of claim 28 , wherein the directionality for the current block comprises an angle indicted as a displacement of a row or column of the current block with respect to a row or column, respectively, of pixels of a neighboring block.

33. The apparatus of claim 28 , wherein values of the reference pixels are filtered or processed prior to use as a reference.

34. The apparatus of claim 19 , wherein the prediction value for the pixel to be predicted is based on values of non-adjacent reference pixels spaced apart from one another.

35. A method, comprising:

based on information that is received, examining an indication of a directionality regarding a current block of pixels of an image to be decoded with the current block including a pixel to be intra predicted;

determining a set of reference pixels, wherein the set of reference pixels for the current block is already decoded pixels on a row above the current block and on a column left of the current block;

determining a projection of said pixel to the set of reference pixels based on the directionality for the current block;

selecting a plurality of reference pixels from the set of reference pixels on the basis of said projection, wherein selecting the plurality of reference pixels comprises selecting the plurality of reference pixels from the set of reference pixels that are on the row above the current block for at least one pixel of the current block and that are on the column left of the current block for at least one other pixel of the current block; and

obtaining a prediction value for the pixel to be predicted based on the plurality of reference pixels selected from the set of reference pixels.

36. The method of claim 35 , wherein determining the projection of said pixel to the set of reference pixels comprises determining the projection to a line of reference pictures, and wherein obtaining the prediction value comprises utilizing distance of the projection from the plurality of reference pixels that were selected from the set of reference pixels.

37. The method of claim 35 , wherein the directionality for the current block is expressed with reference to the pixel on a last column and a last row of the current block and a row or column of the set of reference pixels.

38. The method of claim 35 , further comprising receiving an indication of the projection.

39. The method of claim 35 , wherein the directionality for the current block comprises an angle indicted as a displacement of a row or column of the current block with respect to a row or column, respectively, of pixels of a neighboring block.

40. The method of claim 35 , wherein values of the reference pixels are filtered or processed prior to use as a reference.

41. The apparatus of claim 35 , wherein the prediction value for the pixel to be predicted is based on values of non-adjacent reference pixels spaced apart from one another.

42. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having computer coded instructions stored therein, said instructions when executed by a processor cause an apparatus to:

based on information that is received, examine an indication of a directionality regarding a current block of pixels of an image to be decoded with the current block including a pixel to be intra predicted;

determine a set of reference pixels, wherein the set of reference pixels for the current block is already decoded pixels on a row above the current block and on a column left of the current block;

determine a projection of said pixel to the set of reference pixels based on the directionality for the current block;

select a plurality of reference pixels from the set of reference pixels on the basis of said projection; and

obtain a prediction value for the pixel to be predicted based upon the plurality of reference pixels that were selected from the set of reference pixels,

wherein the instructions that cause the apparatus to select the plurality of reference pixels comprise instructions configured to cause the apparatus to select the plurality of reference pixels from the set of reference pixels that are on the row above the current block for at least one pixel of the current block and that are on the column left of the current block for at least one other pixel of the current block.

43. The computer program product of claim 42 , wherein the instructions that cause the apparatus to determine the projection of said pixel to the set of reference pixels comprise instructions configured to cause the apparatus to determine the projection to a line of reference pictures, and wherein the instructions that cause the apparatus to obtain the prediction value comprise instructions configured to cause the apparatus to utilize distance of the projection from the plurality of reference pixels that were selected from the set of reference pixels.

44. The computer program product of claim 42 , wherein the directionality for the current block is expressed with reference to the pixel on a last column and a last row of the current block and a row or column of the set of reference pixels.

45. The computer program product of claim 42 , wherein said instructions further cause the apparatus to receive an indication of the projection.

46. The computer program product of claim 42 , wherein the directionality for the current block comprises an angle indicted as a displacement of a row or column of the current block with respect to a row or column, respectively, of pixels of a neighboring block.

47. The computer program product of claim 42 , wherein values of the reference pixels are filtered or processed prior to use as a reference.

48. The computer program product of claim 42 , wherein the prediction value for the pixel to be predicted is based on values of non-adjacent reference pixels spaced apart from one another.

Assignments (3)
CORRECTIVE ASSIGNMENT TO CORRECT THE THE INVENTOR'S SIGNATURE DATES PREVIOUSLY RECORDED AT REEL: 60149 FRAME: 406. ASSIGNOR(S) HEREBY CONFIRMS THE ASSIGNMENT. Recorded Feb 6, 2024
From: LAINEMA, JANI; UGUR, KEMAL
To: NOKIA CORPORATION
Reel/Frame 068040/0642 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jun 9, 2022
From: LAINEMA, JANI; UGUR, KEMAL
To: NOKIA CORPORATION
Reel/Frame 060149/0406 →
ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNOR'S INTEREST Recorded Jun 9, 2022
From: NOKIA CORPORATION
To: NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY
Reel/Frame 060149/0442 →
Continuity (7)
Continuation 16882199 · May 22, 2020
Continuation 16278596 · Feb 18, 2019
Continuation 15951516 · Apr 12, 2018
Continuation 15676665 · Aug 14, 2017
Continuation 13023328 · Feb 8, 2011
Provisional Application 61302303 · Feb 8, 2010
Related Publication 20220303556A1 · Sep 22, 2022
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