Transparent conductive film
A transparent conductive film ( 10 ) that has a substrate ( 14 ) having a surface ( 14 a, 14 b ), a nanowire layer ( 12, 12 a ) over one or more portions of the surface ( 14 a, 14 b ) of the substrate ( 14 ), and a conductive layer ( 16, 16 a ) on the portions comprising the nanowire layer ( 12, 12 a ), the conductive layer ( 16, 16 a ) comprising carbon nanotubes (CNT) and a binder.
1. A transparent conductive film (TCF), comprising:
a substrate having a surface;
a first layer on the surface of the substrate and consisting of metal nanowires and a solvent; and
a second, outer, layer over the first layer and comprising carbon nanotubes (CNT) and a binder, wherein the CNT coverage in the second layer is from about 1 mg CNT/m 2 to about 10 mg CNT/m 2 ;
wherein the first and second layers together have a visible light transmission of from about 90% to about 100%;
wherein the TCF has a sheet resistance of up to about 100 ohms per square.
2. The TCF of claim 1 , wherein the nanowires comprise silver or copper nanowires.
3. The TCF of claim 1 , wherein the first layer comprises from about 10 mg/m 2 to about 100 mg/m 2 nanowires.
4. The TCF of claim 1 , wherein the second layer binder comprises a polymer.
5. The TCF of claim 1 , wherein the second layer binder comprises methacrylic copolymer.
6. The TCF of claim 1 , wherein the first and second layers together have a visible light transmission of from about 95% to about 100%.
7. The TCF of claim 1 , wherein the second layer binder has an index of refraction no greater than about 1.5.
8. The TCF of claim 1 , wherein the second layer further comprises a viscosity modifier.
9. The TCF of claim 1 , wherein the second layer further comprises at least one of conductive nanoparticles and graphene.
10. The TCF of claim 1 , further comprising a tie layer on the substrate that promotes adhesion to the substrate of at least one of the nanowires and the CNT.
11. The TCF of claim 10 , wherein the tie layer comprises an additive that is arranged to modify an optical property of the tie layer.
12. The TCF of claim 10 , wherein the tie layer comprises a methylmethacrylate copolymer.
13. The TCF of claim 1 , wherein the CNT coverage in the second layer is at least about 3 mg CNT/m 2 .
14. The TCF of claim 1 , wherein the substrate has first and second opposed surfaces; wherein there are two nanowire layers, one nanowire layer on some but not all of the first surface and a second nanowire layer on some but not all of the second surface; and wherein the second layer entirely covers both nanowire layers.
15. The TCF of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of CNT to binder in the second layer is from about 1:0.5 to about 1:50.
16. The TCF of claim 15 , wherein the first and second layers together have a visible light transmission from about 98% to about 99%.
17. A transparent conductive film (TCF), comprising:
a substrate having a surface;
a first layer on the surface of the substrate and consisting of silver nanowires and a solvent; and
a second, outer, layer over the first layer and comprising carbon nanotubes (CNT) and a binder that comprises methacrylic copolymer, wherein the CNT coverage in the second layer is from about 3 mg CNT/m 2 to about 10 mg CNT/m 2 ;
wherein the first and second layers together have a visible light transmission of at least about 95%.