Transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition and preparation thereof
A transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition including a psychoactive alkaloid extract or synthetic psychoactive alkaloid. The alkaloids in the extract are predominantly dephosphorylated rather than phosphorylated. The transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition also includes a mucoadhesive polymer, a carrier, and optional further excipients. The non-ingestive composition may be taken orally through the mucosa. A process for obtaining an oral transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition includes dephosphorylating the alkaloid during extraction, purifying the extracted alkaloid and standardizing to a specific concentration by adding measured quantities of excipients.
1. A process for obtaining an oral transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition, the process comprising:
extracting a psychoactive alkaloid from a dried powdered psychoactive alkaloid source using a first solvent acidified to a pH lower than 3.5, to obtain a psychoactive alkaloid liquid;
adding a base to the psychoactive alkaloid liquid to bring its pH to 3.5-4.5;
evaporating the first solvent from the psychoactive alkaloid liquid to obtain a psychoactive alkaloid extract with more dephosphorylated psychoactive alkaloid than phosphorylated psychoactive alkaloid;
treating multiple bed volumes of the psychoactive alkaloid extract in aqueous form with one bed volume of a resinous material to obtain an adsorbed psychoactive alkaloid;
eluting the adsorbed psychoactive alkaloid using a second solvent different from the first solvent to obtain a purified psychoactive alkaloid solution, wherein the second solvent is water, an organic solvent or a combination thereof, under basic, acidic or neutral pH;
evaporating the second solvent from the purified psychoactive alkaloid solution to obtain a purified form of the psychoactive alkaloid extract; and
mixing the purified form of the psychoactive alkaloid extract with a mucoadhesive polymer and a carrier to obtain the oral transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the resinous material is a gel resin, a macroporous resin, or a combination thereof.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the oral transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition has:
1-40% by weight of the purified form of the psychoactive alkaloid extract;
1-50% of the mucoadhesive polymer; and
10-65% of the carrier.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent has a pH of 0.5-3.5.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the extracting step comprises:
mixing the dried powdered psychoactive alkaloid source with the first solvent to obtain a slurry; and
filtrating the slurry to obtain a filtrate residue and the psychoactive alkaloid liquid.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein:
the dephosphorylated psychoactive alkaloid makes up 100% of phosphorylatable psychoactive alkaloid present in the psychoactive alkaloid extract; and
the phosphorylated psychoactive alkaloid has a content of 0% in the psychoactive alkaloid extract.
7. The process of claim 1 , comprising:
interrupting the second evaporation step to result in a concentrated slurry;
measuring a psychoactive alkaloid content in the concentrated slurry;
measuring a dry mass content in the concentrated slurry;
using the psychoactive alkaloid content, the dry mass content and a specified concentration of psychoactive alkaloid for the oral transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition to determine quantities of the mucoadhesive polymer and the carrier to add to the concentrated slurry in order to obtain the specified concentration of psychoactive alkaloid in the oral transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition;
using, for the mixing step, the determined quantities of the mucoadhesive polymer and the carrier; and
continuing the second evaporation step to result in the oral transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition with the specified concentration of psychoactive alkaloid.
8. The process of claim 1 , comprising adding a binder to the oral transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition.
9. The process of claim 1 , comprising adding a bioavailability agent to the oral transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition.
10. The process of claim 1 , comprising adding a flavor agent to the oral transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition.
11. The process of claim 1 , comprising adding a preservative to the oral transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition.
12. The process of claim 1 , comprising forming a tablet with the oral transmucosal psychoactive alkaloid composition.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent is a mixture of:
an acid; and
a C1-C4 primary aliphatic alcohol, a C3-C4 ketone, water or any combination selected therefrom.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent and/or the second solvent is partially evaporated.
15. The process of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent and/or the second solvent is completely evaporated.
16. The process of claim 1 , wherein the psychoactive alkaloid extract is a slurry.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein the psychoactive alkaloid extract is a powder.
18. The process of claim 1 comprising, after the first evaporating step and prior to the treating step, adding an acid or another base to the psychoactive alkaloid extract so that it has a pH of 2.5-4.5 or 9-10.
19. The process of claim 18 , comprising filtering, centrifuging or clarifying the psychoactive alkaloid extract after adding the acid or the other base.
20. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dried powdered psychoactive alkaloid source comprises mushroom material from one or more of the genera Conocybe, Copelandia, Galerina, Gymnopilus, Inocybe, Panaeolus, Pholiotina, Pluteus and Psilocybe.
21. The process of claim 1 , wherein the psychoactive alkaloid comprises psilocybin, baeocystin, norbaeocystin, aeruginascin, psilocin, norpsilocin, 4-hydroxytryptamine, N,N,N-trimethyl-4-hydroxytryptamine, or any combination therefrom.
22. The process of claim 13 , wherein the acid is citric acid, ascorbic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, or any combination selected therefrom.