Multi-axial integral geogrid and methods of making and using same
A method of making a multi-axial integral geogrid suitable for stabilizing aggregate includes providing a polymer sheet, providing a patterned plurality of holes or depressions in the polymer sheet, and biaxially orienting the polymer sheet having the patterned plurality of holes or depressions therein to provide a plurality of interconnected oriented strands and partially oriented junctions forming a repeating pattern of outer hexagons having an array of openings. Oriented ribs extending inwardly from each of the outer hexagons support and surround a smaller inner hexagon having oriented strands, thus forming a plurality of trapezoidal openings and a single hexagonal opening. The oriented strands and partially oriented junctions of the outer hexagons form a plurality of linear strong axis strands extending continuously throughout the geogrid and forming triangular openings. The method provides a geogrid having a geometry configured to engage with, confine, and stabilize a large variety and quality of aggregates.
1. A method of making a multi-axial integral geogrid, comprising:
providing a polymer sheet;
providing a patterned plurality of holes or depressions in the polymer sheet; and
biaxially orienting the polymer sheet having the patterned plurality of holes or depressions therein to provide a plurality of interconnected oriented strands and partially oriented junctions forming a repeating pattern of outer hexagons having an array of openings therein, supporting ribs extending inwardly from each of said outer hexagons to support inside each of said outer hexagons a smaller inner hexagon having an unobstructed, open center and oriented strands and tri-nodes, each of said tri-nodes interconnecting only one of said supporting ribs and two of said oriented strands of the inner hexagon, said outer hexagons, said supporting ribs and said inner hexagons defining three different geometric configurations which are repeating throughout an entirety of the geogrid, and said oriented strands and said partially oriented junctions of said outer hexagons defining a plurality of linear strands that extend continuously throughout the entirety of the geogrid.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-axial integral geogrid has a thickness of from about 3 mm to about 9 mm.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the three different geometric configurations of the multi-axial integral geogrid are hexagonal, trapezoidal, and triangular shapes.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the inner hexagon of the multi-axial integral geogrid can deflect up and down out of a plane of the geogrid during compaction of aggregate.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the inner hexagon of the multi-axial integral geogrid can deflect up and down out of the plane of the geogrid up to about 33% of a thickness of the partially oriented junctions.
6. The method according to claim 4 , wherein the inner hexagon of the multi-axial integral geogrid can deflect up and down out of the plane of the geogrid in an area of compliance on the order of about 50% to about 75% relative to a height of the partially oriented junctions.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the oriented strands of the multi-axial integral geogrid have an aspect ratio of greater than about 1.5.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-axial integral geogrid has three continuous linear strands that extend continuously throughout the entirety of the geogrid, the three continuous linear strands being separated from each other by about 120°.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the multi-axial integral geogrid is a monolayer.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the openings of the multi-axial integral geogrid provide a range of distribution of individual aperture area of from about 475 mm 2 to about 800 mm 2 .
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the openings of the multi-axial integral geogrid provide a range of distribution of individual aperture area of from about 500 mm 2 to about 700 mm 2 .
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said plurality of linear strands of the multi-axial integral geogrid extend continuously throughout the entirety of the geogrid without intersecting said inside of the outer hexagons.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of biaxially orienting the polymer sheet having the patterned plurality of holes or depressions therein includes stretching the polymer sheet in a machine direction and in a transverse direction.
14. A method of making a reinforced and stabilized composite soil structure, comprising:
embedding a multi-axial integral geogrid in a mass of particulate material so as to engage with said particulate material,
said multi-axial integral geogrid including a plurality of interconnected oriented strands and partially oriented junctions forming a repeating pattern of outer hexagons having an array of openings therein, supporting ribs extending inwardly from each of said outer hexagons to support inside each of said outer hexagons a smaller inner hexagon having an unobstructed, open center and oriented strands and tri-nodes, each of said tri-nodes interconnecting only one of said supporting ribs and two of said oriented strands of the inner hexagon, said outer hexagons, said supporting ribs and said inner hexagons defining three different geometric configurations which are repeating throughout an entirety of the geogrid, said oriented strands and said partially oriented junctions of said outer hexagons defining a plurality of linear strands that extend continuously throughout the entirety of the geogrid, and said geogrid having a thickness of from about 3 mm to about 9 mm.
15. A method of making a multi-axial integral geogrid, comprising:
providing a polymer sheet;
providing a patterned plurality of holes or depressions in the polymer sheet; and
biaxially orienting the polymer sheet having the patterned plurality of holes or depressions therein to provide a plurality of interconnected oriented strands and partially oriented junctions forming a repeating pattern of outer hexagons having an array of openings therein, each of said outer hexagons supporting, by oriented ribs, a smaller oriented inner geometric configuration having an unobstructed, open center, said oriented strands, said partially oriented junctions, said oriented ribs and said inner geometric configurations forming at least three different geometric configurations which are repeating throughout an entirety of the multi-axial geogrid, said oriented strands and said partially oriented junctions of said outer hexagons defining a plurality of linear strands that extend continuously throughout the entirety of the geogrid, and said geogrid having a thickness of from about 3 mm to 9 mm.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the three different geometric configurations of the multi-axial integral geogrid are hexagonal, trapezoidal, and triangular shapes.
17. The method according to claim 15 , wherein said inner geometric configuration of the multi-axial integral geogrid can deflect up and down out of a plane of said geo grid.
18. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the oriented strands of the multi-axial integral geogrid have an aspect ratio of greater than about 1.5.
19. The method according to claim 15 , wherein the multi-axial integral geogrid has three continuous linear strands that extend continuously throughout the entirety of the multi-axial integral geogrid, the three continuous linear strands being separated from each other by about 120°.