Process and system for depolymerizing plastic
A process and a system for depolymerizing plastic, such as waste polyester, into marketable monomers. A heterogeneous mixture of plastic particles, a solvent, and a catalyst are pumped continuously through a heating zone at a flow rate just high enough to maintain a particle speed great enough to keep the plastic particles in suspension. The temperature of the heterogeneous mixture is raised in the heating zone and maintained in a hold zone to complete depolymerization of the mixture into a homogeneous solution containing a liquefied plastic monomer. The homogeneous solution is cooled to solidify and precipitate the monomer. The precipitated monomer is separated from the solvent to be recycled. The solvent is recirculated to be reused as a constituent of the heterogeneous mixture.
1. A system for the continuous depolymerization of plastic, the system comprising:
(a) a pump for transmitting a heterogeneous reaction mixture comprising solid plastic particles and a solvent at a particle speed sufficient to maintain the plastic particles in suspension in the solvent;
(b) a first heat exchanger fluidly coupled to the pump, wherein the first head exchanger is positioned downstream of the pump and comprises a cooling section and a heating section, wherein the heating section of the first heat exchanger is adapted to preheat the heterogeneous reaction mixture;
(c) a heating apparatus comprising a heating chamber, the heating chamber including a material passageway having an inlet fluidly coupled to an outlet of the heating section of the first heat exchanger, wherein the material passageway defines a heating region adapted to heat the heterogeneous reaction mixture to at least a reaction temperature sufficient to initiate conversion of the heterogeneous reaction mixture into a homogeneous reaction solution comprising a liquefied reaction product;
(d) a hold tube adapted to maintain the heterogeneous reaction mixture at or above the reaction temperature in order to complete the conversion of the heterogeneous reaction mixture into a homogeneous reaction solution, the hold tube having a tube inlet and a tube outlet, wherein the tube inlet is fluidly coupled to an outlet of the material passageway of the heating chamber, and wherein tube outlet is fluidly coupled to an inlet of the cooling section of the first heat exchanger.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises a mixer for producing the heterogeneous reaction mixture, wherein the mixer is fluidly coupled to the pump.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the system further comprises:
(a) a second heat exchanger adapted to cool the homogeneous reaction solution, the second heat exchanger comprising a cooling section having an inlet fluidly coupled to an outlet of the cooling section of the first heat exchanger; and
(b) a settling tank adapted to receive the cooled homogeneous reaction solution and allow the liquefied reaction product to convert into a solid reaction product and precipitate from the cooled homogeneous reaction solution.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the heating apparatus further comprises:
(a) the heating chamber further comprising a HTC passageway adjacent to the material passageway, wherein the HTC passageway comprises a first inlet and a first outlet;
(b) a HTC conduit having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the HTC conduit is connected to the first inlet of the HTC passageway, and wherein the second end of the HTC conduit is connected to the first outlet of the HTC passageway;
(c) a microwave assembly including a microwave applicator, wherein the microwave applicator is adjacent to the HTC conduit; and
(d) a heat transfer fluid disposed within the HTC conduit and adapted to be heated by the microwave applicator, wherein the heat transfer fluid includes a solvent and a microwave absorber.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the hold tube is an insulated pipe having a length sufficient to ensure that the conversion of the heterogeneous reaction mixture into the homogeneous reaction solution.
6. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a contaminant removal filter downstream of the heating apparatus, wherein the contaminant removal filter is configured to remove contaminants from the homogeneous reaction solution.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the first heat exchanger is selected from the group consisting of preheating heat exchanger are each a tube-in-shell, tubes-in-shell, coil-in-shell, tube-in-tube, jacketed piping, platular, plate-and-shell, or plate-and-frame heat exchanger.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the pump transmits the heterogeneous reaction mixture comprising solid plastic particles at a particle speed of at least 30 cm/s.
9. The system of claim 8 , wherein the solid plastic particles are selected from the group consisting of: polyethylene terephthalate, modified polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate blends, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate glycol, polylactic acid, poly(glycolic acid), poly D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid, polyethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate, copolyesters, polycarbonates, polyamides, or any combination thereof.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of: ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, glycol ethers, 2-ethyl hexanol, tetramethyl cyclobutanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol, alcohols, ethanol amine, ionic liquids, polar protic solvents, polar aprotic solvents, or any combination thereof.