Data transfer
This application relates to methods and apparatus for transfer of multiple digital data streams, especially of digital audio data over a single communications link such as a single wire. The application describes audio interface circuitry comprising a pulse-length-modulation (PLM) modulator. The PLM is responsive to a plurality of data streams (PDM-R, PDM-L), to generate a series of data pulses (PLM) with a single data pulse having a rising and falling edge in each of a plurality of transfer periods defined by a first clock signal (TCLK). The timing of the rising and falling edge of each data pulse is dependent upon a combination of the then current data samples from the plurality of data streams. The duration and position of the data pulse in the transfer window in effect defines a data symbol encoding the data. Circuitry for receiving and extracting the data is also disclosed. An interface receives the stream of data pulses (PLM) and data extraction circuitry samples the data pulse to determine which of the possible data symbols the pulse represents and determines a data value for at least one received data stream.
1. Digital data transmission circuitry comprising:
interface circuitry configured to receive an input signal comprising a plurality of data pulses representative of input data and to transmit the data pulses over a first communications link;
wherein the interface circuitry comprises:
pulse-length modulator circuitry configured to receive the input signal and to generate a plurality of data pulses representative of the input data; and
at least two data inputs for receiving respective input digital data streams of data bits, wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured to generate a single data pulse having a rising edge and a falling edge within each of a plurality of transfer periods defined by a first clock signal, responsive to said input digital data streams and to said first clock signal;
wherein the time of occurrence of the rising edge and the falling edge of the data pulse encodes the then current data bits of said input digital data streams.
2. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 1 , wherein said input data comprises audio data.
3. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 1 , wherein said first communications link comprises a single link.
4. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 3 , wherein said single link comprises a single wire or a single bus.
5. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 3 , wherein said single link comprises a single pole or pin of a plug-socket connection that is used to couple a host device that includes the digital data transmission circuitry to an accessory device that is external to the host device.
6. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 5 , wherein said plug-socket connection comprises a three- or four-pole jack plug or socket.
7. Digital data transmission circuitry according to claim 3 , wherein said single link comprises a single path on a printed circuit board that is connected to a pin of a digital signal processor or codec of the digital data transmission circuitry.
8. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the interface circuitry is bi-directional, and wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured to transmit data pulses during a first transfer period and the interface circuitry is configured to receive data pulses during a second, different transfer period.
9. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the interface circuitry is bi-directional and comprises a drive circuit for voltage modulating the first communications link based on the data pulses and a read circuit responsive to the resultant voltage on the first communications link, wherein the read circuit is configured to subtract the drive voltage modulation from the resultant voltage signal.
10. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the occurrence said rising and falling edges of the data pulse are quantised in time within the transfer period.
11. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said input digital data streams comprises at least two audio data streams.
12. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said input digital data streams comprises at least one stream of control data for controlling the operation of a receiver of the least two audio data streams.
13. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the rising and falling edges of each data pulse are synchronised to a second clock signal, where the second clock signal has a frequency greater than the first clock signal.
14. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the second clock signal frequency is a multiple of the first clock signal frequency.
15. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the first clock frequency is equal to the sample rate of said at least one digital data stream.
16. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the sample rate of said at least one digital stream is a multiple of a standard audio frequency sample rate.
17. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that there is at least one period defined by the second clock signal at the start of the transfer period before the start of a data pulse.
18. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that there is at least one period defined by the second clock signal at the end of a data pulse before the end of the transfer period.
19. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that at least one possible combination of input data can be encoded by more than one possible data pulses.
20. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that, over time, different instances of said combination of input data is encoded by different ones of said possible data pulses.
21. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 20 , wherein said possible data pulses for encoding a given combination of input data have different durations and the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured to select between the possible data pulses so as to minimise any d.c. imbalance over time in the transmitted data pulses.
22. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 20 , wherein one of said possible data pulses for encoding a given combination of input data has a duration of greater than half the transfer period and another of said possible pulses has a duration of less than half the transfer period.
23. Digital data transmission circuitry as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pulse-length modulator circuitry is configured such that there is at least one possible data pulse that is not used to encode the input data but which may be transmitted by the pulse-length modulator circuitry for synchronisation and/or control.