OLEOPHOBIC FLUOROPOLYMERS AND FIBROUS MATERIALS PREPARED THEREFROM
The disclosure provides a process for preparing an oleophobic fluoropolymer emulsion. The resulting fluoropolymer emulsion has excellent hydrophobic and oleophobic modification ability (as coatings) on polyester fibers such as polyester (PET), polypropylene (PP) and woven and nonwoven fabrics. Accordingly, the woven and nonwoven materials so coated are useful in venting filter applications.
1 . A process for preparing a fluoropolymer emulsion, comprising the aqueous free-radical polymerization of monoethylenically-unsaturated monomers, by combining components comprising:
a. greater than 60 to about 100 weight percent of a fluorine-containing monoethylenically-unsaturated monomer;
b. less than 40 to about 0 weight percent of a fluorine-free monoethylenically-unsaturated monomer; and
c. a surfactant, wherein the total of a. and b. is 100 weight percent, thereby providing a mixture, and wherein the mixture is subjected to ultrasonic vibration at an intensity and for a period of time sufficient to form a pre-emulsion, followed by subjecting the mixture to free-radical polymerization conditions and allowing the polymerization to proceed to a desired end point.
2 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing monoethylenically-unsaturated monomer is chosen from
(C 1 -C 14 alkyl)acrylates having about 8 to about 32 fluorine atoms, and vinyl compounds having about 8 to about 32 fluorine atoms.
3 . The process of claim 1 , wherein a. is present in about 80 weight percent to about 95 weight percent and b. is present in about 5 weight percent to about 20 weight percent.
4 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing monoethylenically-unsaturated monomer has the formula
wherein R is chosen from hydrogen or an alkyl group of up to 18 carbon atoms, and R 1 is a group of the formula:
wherein L is a divalent organic linking group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and wherein the monomer comprises at least 8, and up to about 32 fluorine atoms.
5 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluorine containing monomer has the formula
wherein R is chosen from hydrogen or an alkyl group of up to 18 carbon atoms, and R 1 is chosen from groups of the formulae:
wherein m is 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, or 15.
6 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing monoethylenically-unsaturated monomer is chosen from a perfluoro(C 1 -C 14 alkyl) (C 1 -C 6 )alkylacrylate and perfluoro(aryl)(C 1 -C 6 alkyl)acrylate.
7 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-containing monoethylenically-unsaturated monomer is chosen from one or more of perfluorooctyl ethylene, perfluorononyl ethylene, perfluorotetradecyl ethylene, perfluorohexadecyl ethylene, perfluoroalkyl ethylene, perfluorooctyl ethyl acrylate, perfluorononyl ethyl acrylate, perfluorododecyl ethyl acrylate, perfluorotetradecyl ethyl acrylate, perfluorohexadecyl ethyl acrylate, perfluorooctyl ethyl methacrylate, perfluorotetradecyl ethyl methacrylate, perfluorononyl ethyl methacrylate, perfluorododecyl ethyl methacrylate, perfluorohexadecyl ethyl methacrylate, and perfluoroalkyl ethyl methacrylate.
8 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-free monoethylenically-unsaturated monomer is chosen from compounds of the formula
wherein each R is independently chosen from hydrogen or an alkyl group of up to 18 carbon atoms.
9 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-free monoethylenically-unsaturated monomer is chosen from vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl caprylate, and C 1 -C 18 alkyl (meth)acrylates.
10 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the fluorine-free monoethylenically-unsaturated monomer is chosen from C 1 -C 6 alkyl acrylates.
11 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the ultrasonic vibration is at a frequency of about 20,000 hertz to about 100,000 hertz.
12 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant has a hydrophobic lipophilic balance (HLB) of from about 14 to about 40.
13 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant s devoid of fluorine atoms.
14 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is present in about 1 to about 5 weight percent, based on the total. weight of a. and b.
15 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant s a mixture of at least one nonionic surfactant and at least one cationic surfactant.
16 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is chosen from sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium octylphenol glycolether sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium lauryldiglycol sulfate, and ammonium tritertiarybutyl phenol and penta- and octa-glycol sulfonates, disodium ethoxylated nonylphenol half ester of sulfosuccinic acid, disodium n-octyldecyl sulfosuccinate, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, and C 8 -C 18 quaternary ammonium bromides and chlorides.
17 . The process of claim 1 , wherein the surfactant is chosen from trimethyloctadecyl ammonium bromide and trimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride.
18 . A fluoropolymer emulsion which exhibits no visually observable gelatinous material or precipitated material upon storage for up to one week, wherein the emulsion contains less than 5 weight percent of fluorinated surfactants, based on the total weight of surfactants.
19 . The emulsion of claim 18 , having an average particle size of about 100 to about 200 nm.
20 . A filter material having at least a partial coating of a fluoropolymer emulsion prepared according to claim 1 thereon, wherein the filter exhibits an oil rating according to AATCC Test method 228-1997 of greater than about 6.
21 . The filter material of claim 20 , wherein the filter material comprises a polymer chosen from polyolefins, fluorinated polyolefins, polyamides, polyimides, polysulfones, polyether-sulfones, polyarylsulfone-polyamides, polyacrylates, polyesters, nylons, celluloses, cellulose esters, polycarbonates, and combinations thereof.
22 . The filter material of claim 20 , wherein the material exhibits an air flux loss rate, when compared to uncoated filter material, of no greater than about 15%.
23 . A filter comprising the filter material of claim 20 .