Diverting materials for well stimulation
Compositions containing a diverting material, and related methods and systems for diverting a fluid from a high permeability zone in an underground formation to a low permeability zone in the underground formation. The diverter material contains a polyurethane and a second polymer. The compositions, methods and systems may be used to achieve more homogeneous stimulation during a well stimulation treatment.
1. A method, comprising:
using a diverter material to block at least a portion of a high permeability zone in an underground formation,
wherein the diverter material comprises a polyurethane and a second polymer; and
wherein the diverter material comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of:
particles comprising a core and a shell, the core comprising the polyurethane, and the shell comprising the second polymer;
particles comprising the polyurethane and the second polymer, the polyurethane being distributed within the second polymer; and
a blend comprising the polyurethane and the second polymer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polyurethane comprises an elasticity of at least 100 psi and at most 1,000 psi as measured by single particle compression or packed multi-particle compression tests.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second polymer comprises a viscosity of at least 1,000 centipoise and at most 10,000 centipoise.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising disposing the diverter material in the high permeability zone of the underground formation.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein disposing the diverter material in the high permeability zone of the underground formation compresses the diverter material.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the diverter material is reversibly compressible.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein disposing the diverter material in the high permeability zone of the underground formation reduces a volume of the diverter material from 10% to 90%.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second polymer fills gaps between the polyurethane.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising degrading the diverter material by at least one process selected from the group consisting of hydrolysis, transesterification, oxidation, interaction with an enzyme, pressure modification, and pH modification.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second polymer comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of an acrylate, an acrylamide, a N,N-dimethylacrylamide, a (meth)acrylamide, a N-alkyl(meth)acrylamide (where alkyl is C1-C3), a dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, a 4-acryloylmorpholine, a N-vinylpyrrolidone, a N-vinylformamide, a N-vinylacetamide, and an acrylic acid.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second polymer comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a polysaccharide, a derivative of a polysaccharide, a guar, a cellulose, a hyaluronic acid, a gelatin alginate, a poly(ethylene glycol), a poly(propylene glycol), a poly(lactic acid), a poly(glycolic acid), a poly(caprolactone), a poly(acrylic acid), a polyvinyl alcohol, a polyacrylate, a polyamide, a polyvinylpyrrolidone, and a silane modified polyether.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diverter material has a weight ratio of the polyurethane to the second polymer of from 1:9 to 99:1.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the high permeability zone comprises a member selected from the group consisting of a fracture of the underground formation, a macroscopic channel of the underground formation, and a high permeability layer of the underground formation;
the diverter material is in the member; and
the diverter material at least partially blocks the member.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein a volume of the member increases, and, after the volume of the member increases, the diverter material still at least partially blocks the member.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diverter material is in the form of an agglomerated particulate pack.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising using the diverter material to divert a flow of a liquid within the underground formation, wherein the liquid comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of a fracturing fluid and an acid.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
the underground formation further comprises a low permeability zone;
the method comprises disposing the diverter material in the high permeability zone; and
the diverter material increases an amount of a fracturing fluid or an acid in the low permeability zone compared to when the diverter material is not present in the high permeability zone.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein:
the high permeability zone comprises a member selected from the group consisting of a fracture of the underground formation, a macroscopic channel of the underground formation, and a high permeability layer of the underground formation;
the diverter material is in the member; and
the diverter material at least partially blocks the member.
19. A system, comprising:
a diverter material; and
a fluid,
wherein:
the diverter material is disposed in a high permeability zone of an underground formation so that the diverter material blocks at least a portion of the high permeability zone;
the diverter material comprises a polyurethane and a second polymer; and
the diverter material comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of:
particles comprising a core and a shell, the core comprising the polyurethane, and the shell comprising the second polymer;
particles comprising the polyurethane and the second polymer, the polyurethane being distributed within the second polymer; and
a blend comprising the polyurethane and the second polymer.