Granted Patent B2

US 12,577,829 · App. 17/848,380 · Granted Mar 17, 2026

Inventors: Tomi Pekka Bernhard Nissinen (Tampere, FI); Hau To Wong (Hong Kong, HK); Heung Kiu Cheng (Hong Kong, HK); Qijia Fu (Hong Kong, HK)

Assignee: Nano and Advanced Materials Institute Limited

E06B9/24A01G9/14B05D1/12B05D7/02B05D7/54C09D5/32C09D7/45C09D7/61C09D7/65C09D7/69C09D175/04E06B2009/2417

Abstract

Claims (32)

1 . A window assembly for a building structure comprising a building structure window and optically transparent and self-cooling coatings, wherein the optically transparent and self-cooling coatings comprise a multi-layered structure comprising:

a passive cooling layer; and

a near-infrared radiation absorption layer;

wherein the layers being disposed on the building structure window;

wherein the optically transparent and self-cooling coatings together have a visible light transmittance of more than approximately 70%;

wherein, under a ventilated condition in which air beneath the building structure window is exchanged with outdoor air, the air temperature beneath the building structure window is reduced by at least approximately 2° C.;

wherein, under an insulated condition in which the air beneath the building structure window is isolated from the outdoor air, the air temperature beneath the window is reduced by at least approximately 8° C.; and

wherein the passive cooling layer comprises:

approximately 20-45 wt % of metal oxide;

approximately 3.0-55 wt % of binder;

approximately 1.0-5.0 wt % of dispersing agent;

approximately 5.0-10 wt % of wetting agent; and

approximately 10-50 wt % of water.

2 . The window assembly of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide comprises silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide or a material with IR emissivity property at 8-13 μm.

3 . The window assembly of claim 2 , wherein a particle size of the metal oxide is in a range of approximately 1 to 15 μm.

4 . The window assembly of claim 1 , wherein the dispersing agent is a low molecular weight dispersant selected from hexametaphosphate, triphosphate, pyrophosphate, citrate, tartrate and succinate with ammonium cations, group 1A or group 2A metallic cations.

5 . The window assembly of claim 1 , wherein the near-infrared radiation absorption layer comprises:

approximately 40-50 wt % of metal oxide;

approximately 20-40 wt % of binder;

approximately 0.5-3.0 wt % of dispersing agent;

approximately 7.0-15 wt % of wetting agent; and

approximately 5-15 wt % of water.

6 . The window assembly of claim 5 , wherein the metal oxide comprises antimony doped tin oxide, indium tin oxide, transition metal oxides, post-transition metal oxides, metalloids oxides having near infrared absorption property and high transparency at visible light region, wherein the antimony doped tin oxide has a particle size in a range of approximately 20-400 nm.

7 . The window assembly of claim 5 , wherein the dispersing agent is a low molecular weight dispersant selected from hexametaphosphate, triphosphate, pyrophosphate, citrate, tartrate and succinate with ammonium cations, group 1A or group 2A metallic cations.

8 . The window assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a near-infrared radiation reflecting layer comprising:

approximately 1.0-5.0 wt % of binder;

approximately 20-40 wt % of metal oxide;

approximately 2.0-7.0 wt % of wetting agent; and

approximately 50-70 wt % of water.

9 . The window assembly of claim 8 , wherein the metal oxide comprises zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, or other transition metal oxides, post-transition metal oxides, metalloids oxides with near infrared absorption property and having high transparency at visible light region.

10 . The window assembly of claim 1 , wherein the window comprises glass, polyolefins, polyethylene film, polycarbonate, poly(methyl methacrylate), or polyvinyl chloride.

11 . A greenhouse comprising the window assembly of claim 1 .

Assignments (3)

Continuity (2)

References Cited (14)