Maneuvering of satellites without rate sensors

1. An attitude control system, comprising:

a star tracker configured to receive image data from an image sensor mounted on a spacecraft and determine a sequence of attitude values for the spacecraft from the image data; and

one or more control circuits connected to receive the sequence of attitude values from the star tracker and configured to:

compare the sequence of attitude values to a set of mission attitude values;

determine a sequence of attitude adjustment values for the spacecraft from the comparing of the sequence of attitude values to the set of mission attitude values;

compare a first of the sequence of attitude adjustment values to a previous one of the sequence of attitude adjustment values;

determine an attitude adjustment rate value for the spacecraft from the comparing of the first of the sequence of attitude adjustment values to the previous one of the sequence of attitude adjustment values;

determine on time values for a set of attitude control thrusters of the spacecraft from the attitude adjustment values and the attitude adjustment rate value;

provide the on time values to the set of attitude control thrusters;

fire the set of attitude control thrusters according to the on time values;

while firing the set of attitude control thrusters according to a current set of on time values:

monitor the attitude values;

estimate an amount of change in the monitored attitude values in response to firing the set of attitude control thrusters according to the current set of on time values; and

further determine, independently of an attitude rate sensor, the current set of on time values based on the estimated amount of change in the monitored attitude values.

2. The attitude control system of claim 1 , wherein the sequence of attitude values are quaternion valued.

3. The attitude control system of claim 2 , where the comparing the sequence of attitude values to the set of mission attitude values, the determining the sequence of attitude adjustment values, the comparing the first of the sequence of attitude adjustment values to the previous one of the sequence of attitude adjustment values, and the determining the attitude adjustment rate value are performed using quaternion valued processing.

4. The attitude control system of claim 3 , wherein the one or more control circuits are further configured to:

compare the sequence of attitude values to a set of mission attitude values by a quaternion division operation; and

compare a first of the sequence of attitude adjustment values to a previous one of the sequence of attitude adjustment values by a quaternion division operation.

5. The attitude control system of claim 3 , wherein the one or more control circuits are further configured to:

convert the attitude adjustment rate value from a quaternion valued format to a roll, pitch, and yaw format, where the set of on time values are determined using from the attitude adjustment rate value in the roll, pitch, and yaw format.

6. The attitude control system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more control circuits are further configured to:

receive the set of mission attitude values prior to comparing the sequence of attitude values to the set of mission attitude values.

7. The attitude control system of claim 6 , wherein the one or more control circuits are further configured to:

update the set of mission attitude values.

8. A method, comprising:

receiving from a star tracker a sequence of attitude values for a spacecraft;

comparing the sequence of attitude values to a set of mission attitude values;

determining a sequence of attitude adjustment values for the spacecraft from the comparing of the sequence of attitude values to the set of mission attitude values;

comparing a first of the sequence of attitude adjustment values to a previous one of the sequence of attitude adjustment values;

determining an attitude adjustment rate value for the spacecraft from the comparing of the first of the sequence of attitude adjustment values to the previous one of the sequence of attitude adjustment values;

determining on time values for a set of attitude control thrusters of the spacecraft from the attitude adjustment values and the attitude adjustment rate value;

providing the on time values to the set of attitude control thrusters;

firing the set of attitude control thrusters according to the on time values;

while firing the set of attitude control thrusters according to a current set of on time values:

monitoring the attitude values;

estimating an amount of change in the monitored attitude values in response to firing the set of attitude control thrusters according to the current set of on time values; and

further determining, independently of an attitude rate sensor, the current set of on time values based on the estimated amount of change in the attitude values.

9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:

receiving at the star tracker image data from an image sensor mounted on the spacecraft; and

generate by the star tracker of the sequence of attitude values for a spacecraft from the image data.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the sequence of attitude values are quaternion valued and the comparing the sequence of attitude values to the set of mission attitude values, the determining the sequence of attitude adjustment values, the comparing the first of the sequence of attitude adjustment values to the previous one of the sequence of attitude adjustment values, and the determining the attitude adjustment rate values are performed using quaternion valued processing.

11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

converting the attitude adjustment rate value from a quaternion valued format to a roll, pitch, and yaw format, where the set of on time values are determined using from the attitude adjustment rate value in the roll, pitch, and yaw format.

12. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:

comparing the sequence of attitude values to a set of mission attitude values by a quaternion division operation; and

comparing a first of the sequence of attitude adjustment values to a previous one of the sequence of attitude adjustment values by a quaternion division operation.

13. The method of claim 8 , further comprising

receiving the set of mission attitude values prior to comparing the sequence of attitude values to the set of mission attitude values.

14. The method of claim 13 , further comprising

updating the set of mission attitude values.

15. A satellite, comprising a set of attitude control thrusters responsive to on time values;

an image sensor mounted on a body of the satellite; and

an attitude control system configured to receive image data from the image sensor and to supply the on time values to the set of attitude control thrusters, the attitude control system comprising:

a star tracker configured to receive the image data and determine a sequence of attitude values for the satellite from the image data; and

one or more control circuits connected to receive the sequence of attitude values from the star tracker and configured to:

compare the sequence of attitude values to a set of mission attitude values;

determine a sequence of attitude adjustment values for the satellite from the comparing of the sequence of attitude values to the set of mission attitude values;

compare a first of the sequence of attitude adjustment values to a previous one of the sequence of attitude adjustment values;

determine an attitude adjustment rate value for the satellite from the comparing of the first of the sequence of attitude adjustment values to the previous one of the sequence of attitude adjustment values;

determine the on time values for the set of attitude control thrusters of the satellite from the attitude adjustment values and the attitude adjustment rate value;

provide the on time values to the set of attitude control thrusters;

fire the set of attitude control thrusters according to the on time values;

while firing the set of attitude control thrusters according to a current set of on time values:

monitor the attitude values;

estimate an amount of change in the monitored attitude values in response to firing the set of attitude control thrusters according to the current set of on time values; and

further determine, independently of an attitude rate sensor, the current set of on time values based on the estimated amount of change in the attitude values.

16. The satellite of claim 15 , wherein the sequence of attitude values are quaternion valued.

17. The satellite of claim 16 , where the comparing the sequence of attitude values to the set of mission attitude values, the determining the sequence of attitude adjustment values, the comparing the first of the sequence of attitude adjustment values to the previous one of the sequence of attitude adjustment values, and the determining the attitude adjustment rate value are performed using quaternion valued processing.

18. The satellite of claim 17 , wherein the one or more control circuits are further configured to:

convert the attitude adjustment rate value from a quaternion valued format to a roll, pitch, and yaw format, where the set of on time values are determined using from the attitude adjustment rate value in the roll, pitch, and yaw format.

19. The satellite of claim 15 , wherein the one or more control circuits are further configured to:

receive the set of mission attitude values prior to comparing the sequence of attitude values to the set of mission attitude values.

20. The satellite of claim 19 , wherein the one or more control circuits are further configured to:

update the set of mission attitude values.