Modified cleavases, uses thereof and related kits
Provided herein are modified cleavases for removing amino acids from peptides, polypeptides, and proteins. Also provided are methods of using the modified cleavases for treating polypeptides, and kits comprising the modified cleavase. In some embodiments, the methods and the kits also include other components for macromolecule sequencing and/or analysis.
1. A method for identifying a modified cleavase configured to cleave a labeled terminal amino acid residue or a labeled terminal dipeptide from a polypeptide, the method comprising:
(a) constructing a library of mutated cleavase genes from a gene encoding an unmodified dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP), wherein the unmodified DPP cleaves an unlabeled terminal dipeptide from a polypeptide;
(b) contacting a plurality of auxotrophic microorganism cells with a growth medium, wherein:
each auxotrophic microorganism cell i) requires uptake of an auxotrophic amino acid in order to grow, and ii) comprises a mutated cleavase gene from the library of mutated cleavase genes, and
the growth medium is substantially free of the auxotrophic amino acid and comprises a peptide substrate comprising a labeled terminal amino acid residue and the auxotrophic amino acid residue; and
(c) identifying a modified cleavase produced from the mutated cleavase gene in an auxotrophic microorganism cell of the plurality of auxotrophic microorganism cells, wherein the modified cleavase cleaves the peptide substrate between the labeled terminal amino acid residue and the auxotrophic amino acid residue, thereby releasing the auxotrophic amino acid and allowing uptake of the released auxotrophic amino acid by the auxotrophic microorganism cell and growth of the auxotrophic microorganism cell using the growth medium.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unmodified DPP comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 30% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 13.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (c) the auxotrophic microorganism cell grows on the growth medium without exogenous supplementation of the auxotrophic amino acid.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified cleavase cleaves a peptide bond between the labeled terminal amino acid residue and a penultimate terminal amino acid residue of the peptide substrate.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified cleavase cleaves a peptide bond between the labeled terminal dipeptide and an antepenultimate amino acid residue of the peptide substrate.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (b) an unmodified fragment comprising the auxotrophic amino acid residue is released after cleavage of the peptide substrate by the modified cleavase, thereby providing the auxotrophic amino acid for uptake by the auxotrophic microorganism cell.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unmodified DPP is a dipeptidyl aminopeptidase or a functional homolog or fragment thereof.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the unmodified DPP is a protein classified in MEROPS S46, or a functional homolog or fragment thereof.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the terminal amino acid of the peptide substrate is labeled with a chemical reagent selected from the group consisting of: a phenyl isothiocyanate (PITC), a nitro-PITC, a sulfo-PITC, a phenyl isocyanate (PIC), a nitro-PIC, a sulfo-PIC, Cbz-Cl (benzyl chloroformate) or Cbz-OSu (benzyloxycarbonyl N-succinimide), a carboxyl-activated amino-blocked amino acid, an anhydride, a 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (Sanger's reagent, DNFB), dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl, or 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride), 4-sulfonyl-2-nitrofluorobenzene (SNFB), 2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde, 2-Formylphenylboronic acid, 2-Acetylphenylboronic acid, 1-Fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan, Pentafluorophenylisothiocyanate, 4-(Trifluoromethoxy)-phenylisothiocyanate, 4-(Trifluoromethyl)-phenylisothiocyanate, 3-(Carboxylic acid)-phenylisothiocyanate, 3-(Trifluoromethyl)-phenylisothiocyanate, 1-Naphthylisothiocyanate, N-nitroimidazole-1-carboximidamide, N,N′-Bis(pivaloyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamidine, N,N-Bis(benzyloxycarbonyl)-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamidine, an acetylating reagent, a guanidinylation reagent, a thioacylation reagent, a thioacetylation reagent, a thiobenzylation reagent, an isatoic anhydride, an isonicotinic anhydride, an azaisatoic anhydride, a succinic anhydride, and a diheterocyclic methanimine reagent.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the peptide substrate prior to cleavage by the modified cleavase is not taken up into a cytoplasm of the auxotrophic microorganism cell.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the modified cleavase produced from the mutated cleavase gene is secreted into a periplasm of the auxotrophic microorganism cell.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the peptide substrate permeates into the periplasm and is cleaved by the modified cleavase therein, and the released auxotrophic amino acid is taken up into the cytoplasm of the auxotrophic microorganism cell.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the modified cleavase comprises a periplasmic targeting signal.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified cleavase comprises two or more amino acid substitutions in the residues corresponding to positions N191, W/F192, R196, N306, and D650 of SEQ ID NO: 13.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified cleavase comprises at least three amino acid substitutions in the residues corresponding to positions N191, W/F192, R196, N306, and D650 of SEQ ID NO: 13.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified cleavase comprises at least four amino acid substitutions in the residues corresponding to positions N191, W/F192, R196, N306, and D650 of SEQ ID NO: 13.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified cleavase does not remove an unlabeled terminal dipeptide from a polypeptide.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified cleavase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 20% identity to any one of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 17-19, 23-28, 31-39.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified cleavase comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 30% identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13, but does not comprise SEQ ID NO: 13.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modified cleavase comprises two or more amino acid substitutions in the residues corresponding to positions N191, W/F192, R196, N306, and D650 of SEQ ID NO: 13, and comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 20% identity to any one of the amino acid sequences set forth in SEQ ID NOs: 17-19, 23-28, 31-39.
21. The method of claim 1 , wherein the terminal amino acid of the peptide substrate is labeled with a reagent that comprises an amino acid and a chemical group.