Focal ablation devices with foldable elements, and systems and methods thereof
An endocardial catheter comprises an outer shaft having an outer shaft lumen, an inner shaft slidably disposed within the outer shaft lumen, a spline assembly comprising a plurality of flexible splines each having a spline proximal end attached to a distal end of the outer shaft, an opposite spline distal end attached to a distal end of the inner shaft, and an electrode, wherein the plurality of splines collectively define an interior space of the spline assembly, and a foldable membrane disposed within the interior space of the spline assembly, the foldable membrane having an outer edge portion attached to one or more of the splines. The foldable membrane comprises an electrically insulative material.
1. An endocardial catheter comprising:
an outer shaft having a proximal end and an opposite distal end, and an outer shaft lumen extending through the proximal and distal ends;
an inner shaft slidably disposed within the outer shaft lumen, the inner shaft having a proximal portion and an opposite distal end, the inner shaft sized to extend beyond the distal end of the outer shaft, wherein the spline assembly can be transitioned between an undeployed configuration and a fully deployed configuration by causing relative axial movement between the inner shaft and the outer shaft, and wherein the spline assembly has a maximum diameter in a fully deployed configuration;
a spline assembly comprising a plurality of flexible splines each having a spline proximal end attached to the distal end of the outer shaft, an opposite spline distal end attached to the distal end of the inner shaft, and a plurality of electrodes, wherein the plurality of electrodes on each spline includes a proximal spline electrode and a distal spline electrode, wherein the plurality of splines collectively define an interior space of the spline assembly; and
a foldable membrane disposed within the interior space of the spline assembly, the foldable membrane having an outer edge portion attached to one or more of the splines at a longitudinal location between the proximal spline electrode and the distal spline electrode disposed on each of the one or more splines;
wherein each of the splines has a curved shape when the spline assembly is in the deployed configuration, and wherein the foldable membrane is attached to the one or more splines at a point of maximum curvature thereof, and wherein the point of maximum curvature is located closer to the distal end of each spline than to the proximal end thereof.
2. The endocardial catheter of claim 1 , wherein the foldable membrane is formed of an electrically insulative material.
3. The endocardial catheter of claim 1 , wherein the spline assembly has a minimum diameter in the undeployed configuration.
4. The endocardial catheter of claim 3 , wherein the proximal spline electrodes of the plurality of splines collectively define a proximal spline electrode set, and wherein the distal spline electrodes of the plurality of splines collectively define a distal spline electrode set.
5. The endocardial catheter of claim 4 , wherein the outer edge portion of the foldable membrane is attached to the one or more splines at a longitudinal location thereof corresponding to the maximum diameter of the spline assembly in the fully deployed configuration.
6. The endocardial catheter of claim 4 , wherein the foldable membrane assumes a circular shape when the spline assembly is in the deployed configuration.
7. The endocardial catheter of claim 6 , wherein the outer edge portion of the foldable membrane has a plurality of arcuate notches at locations corresponding to points of attachment of the foldable membrane to the one or more splines.
8. The endocardial catheter of claim 4 , wherein the outer edge portion of the foldable membrane has a plurality of concave portions when the spline assembly is in the deployed configuration.
9. The endocardial catheter of claim 4 , wherein the foldable membrane includes a plurality of folds, wherein a respective one of the folds is located between adjacent splines of the spline assembly.
10. The endocardial catheter of claim 4 , wherein the foldable membrane includes an aperture, and wherein the inner shaft extends through the aperture.
11. The endocardial catheter of claim 10 , wherein the inner shaft includes a hub, and an inner edge of the aperture of the foldable membrane is attached to the hub.
12. The endocardial catheter of claim 11 , further comprising a plurality of radial struts coupled to the foldable membrane configured to facilitate folding and unfolding of the foldable membrane as the spline assembly transitions between the deployed and undeployed configuration.
13. A system for focal pulsed field ablation of cardiac tissue, the system comprising:
an endocardial catheter comprising:
an outer shaft having a proximal end and an opposite distal end, and an outer shaft lumen extending through the proximal and distal ends;
an inner shaft slidably disposed within the outer shaft lumen, the inner shaft having a proximal portion and an opposite distal end, the inner shaft sized to extend beyond the distal end of the outer shaft, wherein the spline assembly can be transitioned between an undeployed configuration and a deployed configuration by causing relative axial movement between the inner shaft and the outer shaft;
a spline assembly comprising a plurality of flexible splines each having a spline proximal end attached to the distal end of the outer shaft, an opposite spline distal end attached to the distal end of the inner shaft, and a plurality of electrodes, wherein the plurality of splines collectively define an interior space of the spline assembly; and
a foldable membrane disposed within the interior space of the spline assembly, the foldable membrane having an outer edge portion attached to one or more of the splines, wherein the outer edge portion of the foldable membrane has a plurality of concave portions when the spline assembly is in the deployed configuration; and
a signal generator configured to generate pulsed waveforms and deliver the pulsed waveforms to the plurality of electrodes.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of electrodes on each spline includes a proximal spline electrode and a distal spline electrode, and wherein the proximal spline electrodes of the plurality of splines collectively define a proximal spline electrode set, and wherein the distal spline electrodes of the plurality of splines collectively define a distal spline electrode set.
15. The system of claim 13 , wherein the outer edge portion of the foldable membrane is attached to the one or more splines at a longitudinal location thereof corresponding to a maximum diameter of the spline assembly in a fully deployed configuration.
16. An endocardial catheter comprising:
an outer shaft having an outer shaft distal end;
an inner shaft disposed within the outer shaft and including an inner shaft distal end, the inner shaft sized to extend beyond the distal end of the outer shaft, wherein the spline assembly can be transitioned between an undeployed configuration and a fully deployed configuration by causing relative axial movement between the inner shaft and the outer shaft, and wherein the spline assembly has a maximum diameter in a fully deployed configuration;
an expandable and collapsible spline assembly including a plurality of splines each connected to the outer shaft distal end and the inner shaft distal end, each spline further including a plurality of electrodes including a proximal electrode and a distal electrode; and
a foldable membrane comprising a polymeric material attached to one or more of the plurality of splines at an attachment location between the proximal and distal electrode disposed thereon, wherein the foldable membrane assumes a circular shape when the spline assembly is in the deployed configuration.
17. The endocardial catheter of claim 16 , wherein the attachment location corresponds to a maximum diameter of the spline assembly in a fully deployed configuration.