Alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyamides and alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyesters for the control of natural gas hydrates
Disclosed are alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyamides and alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyesters used in compositions and methods for inhibiting natural gas hydrate agglomerates. The alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyamides and alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyesters are reaction products of an alkyl lactone and an amine, and an alkyl lactone and an alcohol, respectively.
1. A composition comprising an alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyamide, wherein the alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyamide is a reaction product of an alkyl lactone and an amine, wherein the alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyamide comprises:
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition further comprises one or more thermodynamic gas hydrate inhibitors, kinetic gas hydrate inhibitors, anti-agglomerants, asphaltene inhibitors, paraffin inhibitors, scale inhibitors, emulsifiers, water clarifiers, dispersants, emulsion breakers, or any combination thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyamide comprises a 48-hour EC 50 value with Daphnia magna greater than or equal to 10 mg/ml.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyamide has biodegradation of greater than 10%, greater than 20%, greater than 30%, greater than 40%, greater than 50% or greater than 60% when measured in a 28 day degradation test.
5. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising:
a fluid comprising water, natural gas, and liquid hydrocarbon.
6. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the fluid comprises water in a range of from about 1 wt % to about 80 wt % based on a weight of the liquid hydrocarbon.
7. The composition of claim 5 , wherein the alkyl lactone-derived hydroxyamide is present in a range of from about 1,000 ppm to about 50,000 ppm based on a total weight of the composition.