System for treating embolism and associated devices and methods
Systems and methods for the intravascular treatment of clot material within a blood vessel of a human patient are disclosed herein. A method in accordance with embodiments of the present technology can include, for example, positioning a distal portion of a catheter proximate to the clot material within the blood vessel. The method can further include coupling a pressure source to the catheter via a tubing subsystem including a valve or other fluid control device and, while the valve is closed, activating the pressure source to charge a vacuum. The valve can then be opened to apply the vacuum to the catheter to thereby aspirate at least a portion of the clot material from the blood vessel and into the catheter.
1. A vacuum aspiration system, comprising:
a housing;
a flow path extending through the housing;
an on-off control in the flow path;
a first catheter in fluid communication with the flow path and a connector configured to place a source of aspiration in communication with the flow path;
a clot cannister fluidly coupled to the flow path; and
a hemostasis valve in the housing configured to receive a second catheter and direct the second catheter through the first catheter, wherein the hemostasis valve comprises:
a tubular member defining a lumen configured to slidably receive the second catheter;
a constricting mechanism including a filament and an actuator coupled to the filament, the filament comprising a first portion extending around at least a portion of the tubular member and a second portion having a first end extending from the first portion in one direction and a second end extending from the first portion in another direction, and the actuator comprises a first member coupled to the first end of the filament and a second member couped to the second end of the filament, wherein the first member and the second member of the actuator are moveable between (a) a first position wherein the filament circumferentially constricts the lumen to create a seal and (b) a second position wherein the filament is moved to at least partially open the lumen; and
a biasing system configured to bias the first member and the second member to the first position.
2. The vacuum aspiration system of claim 1 wherein the tubular member is pliable.
3. The vacuum aspiration system of claim 1 wherein the first portion of the filament extends in a loop completely around the tubular member.
4. The vacuum aspiration system of claim 1 wherein the first member of the actuator comprises a first button and the second member of the actuator comprises a second button, wherein the first button and the second button are undepressed in the first position, and wherein the first button and the second button are depressed in the second position.
5. The vacuum aspiration system of claim 1 wherein, when the first member and the second member of the actuator are in the first position, the lumen of the tubular member is configured to remain constricted and sealed when a pressure differential exists between (a) a first volume outside the lumen and adjacent to a first end of the tubular member and (b) a second volume outside the central lumen and adjacent to a second end of the tubular member.
6. The vacuum aspiration system of claim 1 wherein, when the first member and the second member of the actuator are in the first position, the lumen of the tubular member is configured to remain constricted and sealed when vacuum pressure is applied to a volume outside the lumen and adjacent to either a first end or a second end of the tubular member.
7. The vacuum aspiration system of claim 1 wherein the lumen of the tubular member extends a long a first longitudinal axis, wherein the first member and the second member of the actuator are movable between the first and second positions along a second longitudinal axis, and wherein the first longitudinal axis is orthogonal to the second longitudinal axis.
8. The vacuum aspiration system of claim 1 wherein the biasing system comprises a first compression spring coupled to the first member and a second compression spring coupled to the second member.
9. The vacuum aspiration system of claim 1 wherein, in the first position, the first member and the second member of the actuator pull the filament to circumferentially constrict the tubular member such that the lumen is constricted and sealed.
10. A vacuum aspiration system, comprising:
a housing;
a flow path extending through the housing;
an on-off control in the flow path;
a first catheter in fluid communication with the flow path and a connector configured to place a source of aspiration in communication with the flow path;
a clot cannister fluidly coupled to the flow path; and
a hemostasis valve in the housing configured to receive a second catheter and direct the second catheter through the first catheter, wherein the hemostasis valve comprises
(a) a support;
(b) an actuator having a least a first member movably coupled to the support;
(c) a collapsible tubular sidewall defining a lumen carried by the support;
(d) a filament formed in a loop around the tubular sidewall, the filament having at least a first end portion extending away from the loop to the first member; and
(e) a first spring configured to move the first member in a direction that pulls the first end portion such that a diameter of the lumen decreases in response to reducing a diameter of the loop.
11. The vacuum aspiration system of claim 10 , further comprising a second member movably coupled to the support.
12. The vacuum aspiration system of claim 11 wherein the filament further comprises a second end portion extending away from the loop to the second member.
13. The vacuum aspiration system of claim 12 first end portion, the loop, and the second end portion are one continuous filament.
14. The vacuum aspiration system of claim 12 wherein first member and the second member are biased in a direction that places the first end portion and the second end portion under sufficient tension to reduce the diameter of the lumen and provide a seal around a device extending through the lumen.
15. The vacuum aspiration system of claim 12 wherein the first member and the second member are biased in a direction that places the first end portion and the second end portion under sufficient tension to close the lumen.