Multiplex capture of gene and protein expression from a biological sample
Provided herein are methods, compositions, and kits for preparing biological samples for multiplex spatial gene expression and proteomic analysis, such as determining a location of a nucleic acid analyte and a protein analyte in a biological sample.
1. A method for determining the spatial location of a nucleic acid and a protein from a biological sample comprising:
a) providing a spatial array comprising a first and second plurality of capture probes wherein each of the first and second plurality of capture probes comprises a spatial barcode and a capture domain,
b) contacting the biological sample with
(i) a plurality of analyte capture agents, wherein an analyte capture agent comprises an analyte binding moiety and an oligonucleotide comprising an analyte binding moiety barcode and an analyte capture sequence, wherein the analyte capture sequence comprises a sequence complementary to a second plurality of capture domains, and
(ii) a plurality of templated ligation probe pairs, wherein one of the templated ligation probes in the probe pair comprises a sequence complementary to a first plurality of capture domains,
c) binding the analyte binding moiety of the analyte capture agent to a target protein,
d) hybridizing the templated ligation probe pairs to a target nucleic acid and ligating the probe pairs to produce ligation products,
e) hybridizing the ligation products to the first plurality of capture domains and the analyte capture sequences of the bound analyte capture agents to the second plurality of capture domains on the spatial array, and
f) determining the sequence or a portion thereof of (i) the ligation product, or a complement thereof, (ii) the spatial barcode of the capture probe hybridized to the ligation product, or a complement thereof, (iii) the analyte binding moiety barcode of the analyte capture agent bound to the target protein, or a complement thereof, and (iv) the spatial barcode of the capture probe hybridized to the oligonucleotide comprising the analyte binding moiety barcode the analyte capture sequence, thereby determining the spatial location of the nucleic acid and the protein from the biological sample.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is placed on the spatial array prior to step b).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is on a substrate without a spatial array, and wherein prior to step e) the ligation products and the analyte capture sequences of the bound analyte capture agents are migrated to the spatial array.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the capture domains of the first plurality of capture probes are non-homopolymeric capture sequences or homopolymeric sequences, and the capture domains of the second plurality of capture probes are non-homopolymeric sequences or homopolymeric capture sequences.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the capture domains of the first plurality of capture probes are different from the capture domains of the second plurality of capture probes.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the homopolymeric sequences comprise a polyT sequence and the non-homopolymeric sequences comprise a fixed sequence.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the fixed sequence comprises at least one sequence selected from SEQ ID NO: 1 through SEQ ID NO: 11.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the biological sample is a tissue sample, and wherein the tissue sample is a fresh-frozen tissue sample or a fixed tissue sample, wherein the fixed tissue sample is a formalin-fixed tissue sample, an acetone fixed tissue sample, a paraformaldehyde tissue sample, or a methanol fixed tissue sample.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the tissue sample is obtained from a normal tissue sample, a tissue biopsy sample, a diseased tissue sample, or a rodent tissue.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein before step (b) the biological sample is deparaffinized and decrosslinked, and wherein the decrosslinking comprises the use of a buffer.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the buffer comprises Tris-EDTA buffer at a pH from about 8 to about 10 and a temperature from about 60° C. to about 90° C.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the buffer comprises citrate buffer at a pH from about 5 to about 7 and a temperature from about 70° C. to about 100° C.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein hybridizing the ligation products to the first plurality of capture domains and hybridizing the analyte capture sequences of the bound analyte capture agents to the second plurality of capture domains comprises permeabilizing the biological sample.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the analyte capture sequence of the analyte capture agent is blocked prior to binding the analyte capture agent to the target protein.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the analyte capture sequence of the analyte capture agent is blocked by a blocking probe, and wherein the blocking probe is removed prior to hybridizing the analyte capture sequence of the analyte capture agent to the capture domain of the capture probe.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the determining in step (f) further comprises:
g) extending the ligation products and the oligonucleotides of the analyte capture agents, wherein the extension products comprise the spatial barcode or a complement thereof,
h) releasing the extension products, or complements thereof, from the spatial array,
i) producing a nucleic acid library from the released extension products or complements thereof; and
j) sequencing the library.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein prior to step (i) the method further comprises pre-amplifying the extension products, or complements thereof.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the complement of the oligonucleotide of the analyte capture agent comprises an analyte binding moiety barcode specific to the analyte binding moiety of the analyte capture agent.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first and second plurality of capture probes further comprise a cleavage domain, one or more functional domains, a unique molecular identifier, and combinations thereof.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises imaging the biological sample.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the imaging comprises one or more of expansion microscopy, bright field microscopy, dark field microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, reflection microscopy, interference microscopy and confocal microscopy.
22. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises staining the biological sample, wherein the staining comprises hematoxylin and eosin, or the use of a detectable label selected from the group consisting of a radioisotope, a fluorophore, a chemiluminescent compound, a bioluminescent compound, or a combination thereof.
23. The method of claim 1 , wherein the spatial array further comprises one or more protein dilution series.