Complex wavefront modulator with reduced thickness and fabrication method thereof
A device is provided. The device includes a first liquid crystal (“LC”) cell configured to modulate an amplitude of a light beam. The device also includes a second LC cell stacked with the first LC cell and configured to modulate a phase of the light beam. The device includes a sandwiched electrode layer disposed between the first LC cell and the second LC cell. The sandwiched electrode layer includes a conductive polymer film configured to function as a common electrode layer for driving at least one of the first LC cell or the second LC cell.
1. A device, comprising:
a first liquid crystal (“LC”) cell configured to modulate an amplitude of a light beam;
a second LC cell stacked with the first LC cell and configured to modulate a phase of the light beam; and
a sandwiched electrode layer disposed between the first LC cell and the second LC cell,
wherein the sandwiched electrode layer includes a conductive polymer film configured to function as a common electrode layer for driving at least one of the first LC cell or the second LC cell.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive polymer film includes at least one of a poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) film, a graphene film, or a graphene composite film.
3. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a polarizer disposed between the sandwiched electrode layer and the first LC cell.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein
the conductive polymer film is a first conductive polymer film configured to function as a first common electrode layer for driving the first LC cell, and
the sandwiched electrode layer further includes a second conductive polymer film configured to function as a second common electrode layer for driving the second LC cell, and a protection layer disposed between the first conductive polymer film and the second conductive polymer film.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the sandwiched electrode layer further includes a polarizer disposed between the first conductive polymer film and the second conductive polymer film.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the polarizer is a wire grid polarizer.
7. The device of claim 4 , wherein the protection layer is electrically conductive or electrically insulated.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein
each of the first LC cell and the second LC cell includes a substate including a driving circuitry, a first alignment layer disposed on the substate, a pixel electrode layer disposed between the substrate and the first alignment layer, a second alignment layer, and an LC layer disposed between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer, and
the second alignment layer is disposed between the LC layer and the sandwiched electrode layer.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive polymer film includes a liquid crystal polymer (“LCP”) film configured to function as a shared common electrode layer of the first LC cell and the second LC cell.
10. The device of claim 9 , wherein
each of the first LC cell and the second LC cell includes a substate including a driving circuitry, a first alignment layer disposed on the substate, a pixel electrode layer disposed between the substate and the first alignment layer, and an LC layer disposed between the first alignment layer and the LCP film, and
the LCP film is configured to provide anti-parallel alignments, orthogonal alignments, vertical alignments, or hybrid alignments to the respective LC layers of the first LC cell and the second LC cell.
11. The device of claim 9 , wherein the LCP film includes a conductive material.
12. The device of claim 9 , wherein the LCP film includes carbon nanotubes or silver nanowires.