Procedures to inform users of incoming 5G/6G messages
In a wireless network, a base station in 5G or 6G often retains a message on hold if the intended user device is temporarily unavailable. To alert the user device, the base station may periodically transmit a polling array consisting of extremely brief (single-bit) indicators at particular time-frequency locations assigned to each user device. The user devices can monitor the polling array, and thereby determine that they have a message on hold. Users can then request the message using a similar terse code. In addition, the base station can divide the user devices into sections, and transmit only the polling array sections that have at least one message on hold, thereby saving time and resources. The user-reply array can be similarly structured, for further resource efficiency. Many other aspects are disclosed.
1. A method for a base station of a wireless network to poll user devices of the wireless network, the method comprising:
a) transmitting a polling array comprising a plurality of polling elements, wherein each polling element is associated with one of the user devices respectively, and each polling element comprises one resource element, wherein each polling element is set to a first value when the base station is holding a message for the associated user device, and to a second value when the base station is not holding a message for the associated user device;
b) allocating a reply region comprising a plurality of reply elements, each reply element assigned to one of the user devices respectively;
c) monitoring the reply region to detect single-bit reply signals from the user devices; and
d) for each reply signal detected in the reply region, determining which user device requests transmission of a message on hold.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polling array is transmitted according to 5G or 6G technology.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a) determining a plurality of sections, each section comprising a subset of the user devices, such that each user device belongs to no more than one section; and
b) transmitting an index array comprising index elements, each index element corresponding to one of the sections respectively, wherein each index element is set to the first value if the corresponding section includes at least one user device with a holding message, and to the second value if the corresponding section includes no user devices with a holding message.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
a) the polling array includes each section that, in the index array, is indicated by the first value; and
b) the polling array excludes each section that, in the index array, is indicated by the second value.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein:
a) each polling element comprises a single resource element set to the first or second value;
b) wherein the first value comprises radio transmission; and
c) wherein the second value comprises radio silence.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein:
a) each section of the polling array occupies a rectangular region of a resource grid comprising integer Nsub subcarriers and integer Nsym symbol-times; and
b) the reply region comprises another rectangular region of the resource grid comprising Nsub subcarriers and Nsym symbol-times.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the determining which user device requests transmission of a message on hold comprises:
a) determining, for each particular reply element set to the first value, which particular user device is assigned to the particular reply element; and
b) transmitting, to the particular user device, a message on hold addressed to the particular user device.
8. The method of claim 4 , wherein:
a) the polling message is transmitted on a particular set of sequential subcarriers at a first symbol-time;
b) the reply region comprises the particular set of sequential subcarriers at a second symbol-time later than the first symbol-time; and
c) the reply element of a particular user device is on the same subcarrier as the polling element of the particular user device.
9. The method of claim 3 , wherein:
a) the reply region includes resource elements for each section that is indicated, in the index array, by the first value; and
b) the reply array includes no resource elements for each section that is indicated, in the index array, by the second value.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
a) each polling element is modulated according to a polling scheme that encodes integer Nbit bits per message element;
b) each bit of the message element is associated with a different user device; and
c) each bit is set to a binary “1” when the base station has a message on hold addressed to the associated user device, and to a binary “0” when the base station has no messages on hold addressed to the associated user device.
11. A particular user device, of a wireless network comprising a plurality of user devices, the particular user device configured to:
a) receive, from a base station, one or more messages indicating a section number of a particular section and a position number of a particular position within the particular section;
b) at a predetermined time and frequency, receive an index message indicating one or more sections;
c) determine, according to the index message, whether the particular section is indicated in the index message;
d) receive the polling message comprising polling elements of sections that are indicated in the index message, wherein each polling element indicates whether one of the user devices has an incoming message waiting at the base station; and
e) if the particular section is included in the polling message, determine, according to a particular polling element of the polling message, whether the particular user device has an incoming message waiting at the base station.
12. The particular user device of claim 11 , further comprising:
a) locating the particular polling element by counting a number of sections indicated in the index message before the particular section, then multiplying the number by a length of each section, and then adding the particular position.
13. The particular user device of claim 11 , further configured to:
a) receive or determine a time and a frequency of a reply region comprising a region of a resource grid; and
b) if the particular user device determines, according to the polling message, that the particular user device has an incoming message waiting at the base station, transmit a radio signal in a particular reply element of the reply region, wherein the particular reply element is associated with the particular user device.
14. The particular user device of claim 13 , wherein the particular reply element is transmitted on the same subcarrier as the particular polling element.
15. The particular user device of claim 11 , wherein:
a) the number of sections is integer Nsect and the number of positions in each section is integer Npos; and
b) Npos equals Nsect.
16. Non-transitory computer-readable media in a base station or core network of a wireless network, the wireless network comprising a plurality of user devices in signal communication with the base station, the media containing instructions that when implemented by a computing environment cause a method to be performed, the method comprising:
a) determining integer Nsect sections, each section comprising integer Npos positions within the section;
b) assigning each user device to one of the sections and one of the positions, respectively;
c) determining which sections include at least one waiting user device, wherein a waiting user device is a user device that has a message holding in the base station;
d) determining how many waiting sections are in the network, wherein a waiting section includes at least one waiting user device; and
e) determining how many waiting user devices are in each waiting section.
17. The media of claim 16 , the method further comprising:
a) transmitting an index message indicating the number of waiting sections, and further indicating the section numbers of the waiting sections; and
b) transmitting a polling message indicating, for each waiting section, the number of user devices in that waiting section, and further indicating the position numbers of the waiting user devices in that waiting section.
18. The media of claim 16 , the method further comprising:
a) transmitting a polling message indicating, for each waiting section:
i) the waiting section number;
ii) the number of waiting user devices in that waiting section; and
iii) the positions of those waiting user devices in that waiting section.
19. The media of claim 16 , the method further comprising:
a) transmitting a polling message indicating how many waiting user devices are in the network, and further indicating an identification code of each waiting user device.
20. The media of claim 16 , the method further comprising:
a) allocating a reply region comprising a number Nreply of reply elements, Nreply equal to a total number of waiting user devices in the network, wherein each reply element is assigned to one of the waiting user devices, wherein the order of reply elements is the same as the order of waiting user devices listed in the polling message;
b) receiving signals within the reply region;
c) determining, according to which of the reply elements include the signals, which of the waiting user devices is available to receive a message holding in the base station.