Methods and systems for lowering blood pressure through reduction of ventricle filling
Methods and devices for reducing ventricle filling volume are disclosed. In some embodiments, an electrical stimulator may be used to stimulate a patient's heart to reduce ventricle filling volume or even blood pressure. When the heart is stimulated in a consistent way to reduce blood pressure, the cardiovascular system may over time adapt to the stimulation and revert back to the higher blood pressure. In some embodiments, the stimulation pattern may be configured to be inconsistent such that the adaptation response of the heart is reduced or even prevented. In some embodiments, an electrical stimulator may be used to stimulate a patient's heart to cause at least a portion of an atrial contraction to occur while the atrioventricular valve is closed. Such an atrial contraction may deposit less blood into the corresponding ventricle than when the atrioventricular valve is opened throughout an atrial contraction.
1. A system for reducing blood pressure comprising:
a first stimulation electrode for stimulating an atrium of a heart of a patient;
a second stimulation electrode for stimulating a first ventricle of the heart and a third stimulation electrode for stimulating a second ventricle of the heart; and
at least one controller that executes a stimulation pattern comprising at least one stimulation pulse having at least one stimulation setting that reduces or prevents atrial kick in the first ventricle and/or the second ventricle,
wherein the at least one stimulation setting prevents at least one atrial contraction of the heart.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one controller is configured to deliver through the second stimulation electrode and the third stimulation electrode biventricular pacing that reduces dyssynchrony caused by ventricular stimulation.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one stimulation setting causes an atrium of the heart to be at maximum contraction when an atrioventricular valve of the heart is open.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one stimulation setting comprises a first stimulation setting and a second stimulation setting, and
wherein the first stimulation setting has an atrioventricular delay different from an atrioventricular delay of the second stimulation setting.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one controller receives input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status, and adjusts the stimulation pattern based on the patient's atrioventricular valve status.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the at least one controller adjusts the stimulation pattern by adjusting an atrioventricular delay of at least one stimulation pulse.
7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status is indicative of timing of closure of an atrioventricular valve of the patient.
8. The system of claim 5 , wherein the input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status is provided based on a heart sound sensor.
9. The system of claim 5 , wherein the input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status is provided based on a blood flow sensor.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein the blood flow sensor includes an implanted sensor.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the blood flow sensor includes an ultrasound sensor for sensing blood flow through an atrioventricular valve of the patient.
12. The system of claim 9 , wherein the blood flow sensor and the at least one controller are configured to operate at least partially as a closed loop.
13. The system of claim 1 , further comprising at least one blood pressure sensor that provides the at least one controller with feedback information relating to the patient's blood pressure,
wherein the at least one controller adjusts the stimulation pattern based on the feedback information relating to the patient's blood pressure, and
wherein the at least one controller and the at least one blood pressure sensor operate at least partially as a closed loop.
14. A method for reducing blood pressure comprising:
stimulating a heart of a patient through a first stimulation electrode in electrical communication with an atrium of a heart of a patient, through a second stimulation electrode in electrical communication with a first ventricle of the heart, and a third stimulation electrode in electrical communication with a second ventricle of the heart; and
executing the stimulation using at least one controller, the stimulation providing a stimulation pattern comprising at least one stimulation pulse having at least one stimulation setting that reduces or prevents atrial kick in the first ventricle and/or the second ventricle,
wherein the at least one stimulation setting prevents at least one atrial contraction of the heart.
15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising delivering through the second stimulation electrode and the third stimulation electrode biventricular pacing that reduces dyssynchrony caused by ventricular stimulation.
16. The method of claim 14 , further comprising positioning the second stimulation electrode on a ventricular septum near a Bundle of His.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the at least one stimulation setting causes an atrium of the heart to be at maximum contraction when an atrioventricular valve of the heart is open.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the at least one stimulation setting comprises a first stimulation setting and a second stimulation setting, and
wherein the first stimulation setting has an atrioventricular delay different from an atrioventricular delay of the second stimulation setting.
19. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
receiving, at the at least one controller, input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status; and
adjusting, using the at least one controller, the stimulation pattern based on the patient's atrioventricular valve status.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein adjusting the stimulation pattern comprises adjusting an atrioventricular delay of at least one stimulation pulse.
21. The method of claim 19 , wherein the input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status is indicative of timing of closure of an atrioventricular valve of the patient.
22. The method of claim 19 , wherein the input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status is received from a heart sound sensor.
23. The method of claim 19 , wherein the input relating to the patient's atrioventricular valve status is received from a blood flow sensor.
24. The method of claim 23 , further comprising operating the blood flow sensor and the at least one controller at least partially as a closed loop.
25. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
receiving, at the at least one controller, feedback information relating to the patient's blood pressure; and
adjusting, using the at least one controller, the stimulation pattern based on the feedback information relating to the patient's blood pressure.
26. A method for reducing blood pressure comprising:
providing a first stimulation pattern comprising at least one stimulation setting configured to reduce or prevent atrial kick in at least one ventricle for a first time interval;
receiving a first input data set relating to a patient's blood pressure during the first time interval;
calculating at least one blood pressure variation parameter relating to the first input data set;
adjusting at least one parameter of the first stimulation pattern to provide a second stimulation pattern comprising a second stimulation setting configured to reduce or prevent atrial kick in at least one ventricle, the second stimulation setting being based upon the at least one blood pressure variation parameter; and
providing the second stimulation pattern for a second time interval.