Automatic detection of distributed energy resources system parameters
A method determines the topology of a DERs system having a plurality of assets, where at least one of the assets is a controllable asset. The method injects a power signal at a given frequency from a controllable asset into the DERs system. The voltage at each of the plurality of assets is measured, and the magnitude of perturbation of the voltage at the given frequency is determined for each of the plurality of assets. The method then constructs the topology of the DERs system as a function of the differences of the magnitude of perturbations of each of the plurality of assets.
1. A method of estimating a physical characteristic of a network element in a distributed energy resource system having a plurality of assets electrically connected by a plurality of network elements, the method comprising:
injecting a large power or current signal from a given controllable asset into the DERs system, the large signal having a frequency of less than 1 kHz and being greater than 10% of the power rating of the controllable asset injecting the power signal;
measuring a voltage perturbation:
i) magnitude, or
ii) magnitude and phase at the given frequency,
at two nodes in the DERs system;
calculating the voltage drop across the network element at the given frequency as a result of the injected signal;
estimating a physical characteristic of the network element as a function of the calculated voltage drop and the injected signal.
2. The method of estimating a physical characteristic of a network element of claim 1 , further comprising:
injecting a second power signal, from a second controllable asset, at a second given frequency, into a second given network element between two assets in the DERs system;
measuring the change in voltage across the second given network element between the two assets to produce a second measured voltage change;
determining the physical characteristic of the second given network element as a function of the power signal and the measured voltage change.
3. The method of estimating a physical characteristic of a network element of claim 1 , wherein the injected signal is a large signal that is injected when the DERs system is not in operation, the large signal having a frequency of less than 1 kHz and being greater than 10% of the power rating of the controllable asset injecting the power signal.
4. The method of estimating a physical characteristic of a network element of claim 1 , wherein the injected signal is a small signal that is injected when the DERs system is in operation, the small signal having a frequency of less than 1 kHz and being less than 10% of the steady state output power of the given controllable asset.
5. The method of estimating a physical characteristic of a network element of claim 1 , wherein the DERs system is a microgrid, and the physical characteristic is impedance.
6. The method of estimating a physical characteristic of a network element of claim 1 , wherein the second controllable asset is used to measure the voltage of a midpoint node.
7. The method of estimating a physical characteristic of a network element of claim 1 , wherein the network element is a transmission line and the physical characteristic is the length and size of the transmission line.
8. The method of estimating a physical characteristic of a network element of claim 2 , wherein the power signal and the second power signal are sent simultaneously and have different frequencies.
9. The method of estimating a physical characteristic of a network element of claim 1 , wherein the power signal is sent at a regular interval.
10. A system for estimating a physical characteristic of a network element in a distributed energy resource system having a plurality of assets electrically connected by a plurality of network elements, the system comprising:
a controllable asset for injecting a large power or current signal into a DERs system, the large signal having a frequency of less than 1 kHz and being greater than 10% of the power rating of the controllable asset injecting the power signal;
a sensor for measuring a voltage perturbation:
i) magnitude, or
ii) magnitude and phase at the given frequency,
at two nodes in the DERs system; and
a processor for:
calculating the voltage drop across the network element at the given frequency as a result of the injected signal; and
estimating a physical characteristic of the network element as a function of the calculated voltage drop and the injected signal.
11. The system of claim 10 , further comprising:
a second controllable asset injecting a second power signal at a second given frequency, into a second given network element between two assets in the DERs system;
the processor further configured for:
measuring the change in voltage across the second given network element between the two assets to produce a second measured voltage change; and
determining the physical characteristic of the second given network element as a function of the power signal and the measured voltage change.
12. The system of claim 10 , wherein the injected signal is a large signal that is injected when the DERs system is not in operation, the large signal having a frequency of less than 1 kHz and being greater than 10% of the power rating of the controllable asset injecting the power signal.
13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the injected signal is a small signal that is injected when the DERs system is in operation, the small signal having a frequency of less than 1 kHz and being less than 10% of the steady state output power of the given controllable asset.
14. The system of claim 10 , wherein the DERs system is a microgrid, and the physical characteristic is impedance.
15. The system of claim 10 , wherein the second controllable asset is used to measure the voltage of a midpoint node.
16. The system of claim 10 , wherein the network element is a transmission line and the physical characteristic is the length and size of the transmission line.
17. The system of claim 11 , wherein the power signal and the second power signal are sent simultaneously and have different frequencies.
18. The system of claim 10 , wherein the power signal is sent at a regular interval.