System and method for detection and isolation of arc fault
An arc fault detection system senses current flow in a power source branch and in one or more load branches in an electrical system. Over a frequency range divided into a predetermined number of frequency bins, a controller records and tallies the branch having largest magnitude of power spectral density for each frequency bin. The branch having highest total tally is determined to be the branch in which the arc fault occurred and can then safely be isolated from the electrical system.
1. A method for detecting an arc fault in an electrical circuit configured to supply electrical power to a plurality of loads, the method comprising the following steps:
monitoring a level of electrical current being supplied to each of the plurality of loads at each of a plurality of points in time;
for each of the plurality of points in time, converting each of the plurality of electric current levels to a corresponding frequency representation having a plurality of frequency components;
for each component of the frequency representation of each electric current level, for each of the plurality of loads determining a power spectral density for each frequency component;
comparing each power spectral density to a predetermined limit corresponding to each frequency component; and
indicating that an arc fault has occurred in connection with a particular load when a predetermined minimum number of power spectral densities exceed their corresponding limits for a predetermined minimum number of points in time for the particular load.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the step of converting each of the plurality of electric current levels comprises performing a Fast Fourier Transform.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein each component of the frequency representation comprises a corresponding range of a plurality of individual frequencies.
4. A method for identifying a source of an arc fault in an electrical circuit configured to supply electrical power to a plurality of loads, the method comprising the following steps
monitoring a level of electrical current being supplied to each of the plurality of loads at a point in time;
converting each of the plurality of electric current levels to a corresponding frequency representation having a plurality of frequency components;
for each component of the frequency representation of each electric current level, for each of the plurality of loads, determining a power spectral density for each frequency component;
for each frequency component, identifying the corresponding load having a highest spectral density and
identifying the source of the arc fault as the load having the electrical current level which is determined to have the greatest number of highest spectral densities.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the step of converting each of the plurality of electric current levels comprises performing a Fast Fourier Transform.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein each component of the frequency representation comprises a corresponding range of a plurality of individual frequencies.
7. The method of claim 4 , further comprising the step of isolating the source of the arc fault.
8. The method of claim 4 , further comprising the following steps:
assigning a count variable to each of the monitored currents corresponding to a load, and initially setting each count variable to zero;
identifying the monitored current corresponding to a load which has the highest spectral density for a particular range of individual frequencies, and incrementing the count variable for the identified current;
repeating the identifying step for one or more other frequency ranges; and
wherein the step of identifying the source of the arc fault is determined based on the monitored current having the highest count variable.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the frequency ranges are arranged from low frequency to high frequency and the step of identifying the load with the highest spectral density is carried out from the low frequency range to the high frequency range.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the frequency ranges are arranged from high frequency to low frequency and the step of identifying the load with the highest spectral density is carried out from the high frequency range to the low frequency range.
11. A method for detecting and identifying a source of an arc fault in an electrical circuit configured to supply electrical power to a plurality of loads, the method comprising the following steps:
monitoring a level of electrical current being supplied to each of the plurality of loads at each of a plurality of points in time;
for each of the plurality of points in time, converting each of the plurality of electric current levels to a corresponding frequency representation having a plurality of frequency components;
for each component of the frequency representation of each electric current level, for each of the plurality of loads determining a power spectral density for each frequency component;
comparing each power spectral density to a predetermined limit corresponding to each frequency component;
indicating that an arc fault has occurred in connection with a particular load when a predetermined minimum number of power spectral densities exceed their corresponding limits for a predetermined minimum number of points in time for the particular load;
for each frequency component, identifying the corresponding load having a highest spectral density
identifying the source of the arc fault as the load having the electrical current level which is determined to have the greatest number of highest spectral densities.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the step of converting each of the plurality of electric current levels comprises performing a Fast Fourier Transform.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein each component of the frequency representation comprises a corresponding range of a plurality of individual frequencies.
14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising the step of isolating the source of the arc fault.
15. A system for detecting and identifying a source of an arc fault in an electrical circuit configured to supply electrical power to a plurality of loads, the system comprising:
a processor;
a memory containing instructions which when executed by the processor cause the processor to:
monitor a level of electrical current being supplied to each of the plurality of loads at each of a plurality of points in time;
for each of the plurality of points in time, convert each of the plurality of electric current levels to a corresponding frequency representation having a plurality of frequency components;
for each component of the frequency representation of each electric current level for each of the plurality of loads, determine a power spectral density for each frequency component;
compare each power spectral density to a predetermined limit corresponding to each frequency component;
indicate that an arc fault has occurred in connection with a particular load when a predetermined minimum number of power spectral densities exceed their corresponding limits for a predetermined minimum number of points in time for the particular load;
for each frequency component, identify the corresponding load having a highest spectral density;
identify the source of the arc fault as the load having the electrical current level which is determined to have the greatest number of highest spectral densities.
16. The system of claim 15 , wherein the processor is further programmed to convert each of the plurality of electric current levels by performing a Fast Fourier Transform.
17. The system of claim 15 , wherein each component of the frequency representation comprises a corresponding range of a plurality of individual frequencies.
18. The system of claim 15 , wherein the processor is further programmed to isolate the source of the arc fault.
19. A system for detecting and identifying a source of an arc fault in an electrical circuit configured to supply electrical power to a plurality of loads, the system comprising:
a plurality of current sensors, each current sensor capable of monitoring a level of electrical current being supplied to a corresponding one of the plurality of loads at each of a plurality of points in time;
a signal processor operable for each of the plurality of points in time, to convert each of the plurality of electric current levels to a corresponding frequency representation having a plurality of frequency components;
the signal processor further operable for each component of the frequency representation of each electric current level for each of the plurality of loads, to determine a power spectral density for each frequency component;
a first comparator operable to compare each power spectral density to a predetermined limit corresponding to each frequency component;
an indicator capable of indicating that an arc fault has occurred in connection with a particular load when a predetermined minimum number of power spectral densities exceed their corresponding limits for a predetermined minimum number of points in time for the particular load;
a second comparator operable for each frequency component, to identify the corresponding load having a highest spectral density; and
the second comparator further operable to identify the source of the arc fault as the load having the electrical current level which is determined to have the greatest number of highest spectral densities.
20. The system of claim 19 , further comprising an isolator operable to isolate the source of the arc fault.