Spontaneous low-complexity local sidelink networks in 5G/6G
Mobile devices, autonomous sensors and actuators, and myriad other IoT wireless devices demand low-complexity protocols in addition to 5G and 6G protocols. Disclosed are methods for devices to form spontaneous local sidelink networks without involvement of a base station. In a first aspect, a user device can broadcast a hailing message soliciting replies from all devices in range, each reply including the wireless address of the replying user device. In another aspect, each of the user devices in a sidelink network can periodically transmit a semaphore message indicating its wireless addresses, and a new arrival can join the sidelink network by appending its semaphore message to the others. After forming the sidelink network, the user devices can communicate among themselves unicast (addressed to a specific member of the sidelink network). Also disclosed are procedures for recovery from message collisions and transmission of emergency messages. Many other aspects are disclosed.
1. A method for a first user device to communicate with other user devices, the method comprising:
determining a sidelink hailing channel comprising a particular frequency or frequency band allocated for sidelink messaging between user devices, the messaging being without involvement of a base station;
transmitting, on the sidelink hailing channel, a sidelink hailing message comprising a wireless address of the first user device;
receiving, on the sidelink hailing channel, a plurality of reply messages, each reply message transmitted by a replying user device responsive to the sidelink hailing message, each reply message comprising a wireless address of the replying user device;
wherein each of the reply messages is received by the first user device at a different time;
wherein all of the reply messages are received by the first user device within a predetermined maximum time interval following the sidelink hailing message;
wherein the sidelink hailing message further comprises a first error-detection code comprising a parity or a CRC (cyclic redundancy check) related to the sidelink hailing message; and
wherein each reply message further comprises a received error-detection code comprising a parity or CRC related to the reply message;
for each reply message, calculating a calculated error-detection code;
comparing the calculated error-detection code to the received error-detection code; and
determining, according to the comparing, that at least one of the reply messages has been distorted.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sidelink hailing message is transmitted according to 5G or 6G technology.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sidelink hailing message further comprises a type code indicating that the sidelink hailing message is a sidelink hailing message.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
a) the sidelink hailing message further comprises a location of the first user device; and
b) each reply message further comprises a location of the replying user device.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein:
a) the sidelink hailing message further comprises a speed and a direction of travel of the first user device; and
b) each reply message further comprises a speed and a direction of travel of the replying user device.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a) after transmitting the sidelink hailing message, delaying the maximum delay time;
b) then retransmitting the sidelink hailing message;
c) then receiving a second plurality of reply messages; and
d) then determining that each of the reply messages of the second plurality is consistent with an associated error-detection code associated with the reply message of the second plurality.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a) determining that a particular reply message includes a data message portion in addition to the wireless address of the replying user device, the data message portion comprising information for the first user device; and
b) demodulating the data message portion.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
a) determining that a hazard is imminent;
b) determining, according to the reply messages, a particular wireless address of a particular replying user device; and
c) transmitting, to the particular replying user device, an emergency message.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein:
a) the emergency message comprises the wireless address of the particular user device.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising;
a) transmitting a first message to a particular user device, the first message comprising a recipient field comprising the wireless address of the particular user device; and
b) broadcasting a second message to all user devices in range, the second message comprising a recipient field set to zero.
11. A method for a first user device to communicate with other user devices, the method comprising:
determining a sidelink hailing channel comprising a particular frequency or frequency band allocated for sidelink messaging between user devices, the messaging being without involvement of a base station;
transmitting, on the sidelink hailing channel, a sidelink hailing message comprising a wireless address of the first user device;
receiving, on the sidelink hailing channel, a plurality of reply messages, each reply message transmitted by a replying user device responsive to the sidelink hailing message, each reply message comprising a wireless address of the replying user device;
wherein each of the reply messages is received by the first user device at a different time, and wherein all of the reply messages are received by the first user device within a predetermined maximum time interval following the sidelink hailing message, and wherein
the sidelink hailing message is modulated according to a modulation scheme comprising two orthogonal amplitude-modulated signals, and wherein
the amplitude modulation includes a maximum amplitude level and a minimum amplitude level, and wherein
the sidelink hailing message comprises or is concatenated with a first demodulation reference modulated according to the modulation scheme, and wherein
the first demodulation reference comprises one signal modulated according to the maximum amplitude level, and the other signal modulated according to the minimum amplitude level.
12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
a) upon receiving each reply message, determining a second demodulation reference comprising or concatenated with the reply message;
b) determining, according to the second demodulation reference, a maximum amplitude level and a minimum amplitude level of the reply message;
c) determining one or more additional amplitude levels of the reply message by interpolating between the maximum and minimum amplitude levels of the reply message; and
d) demodulating the reply message according to the maximum and minimum and additional amplitude levels so determined.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the sidelink hailing message is transmitted according to 5G or 6G technology.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the sidelink hailing message further comprises a type code indicating that the sidelink hailing message is a sidelink hailing message.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
a) the sidelink hailing message further comprises a location of the first user device; and
b) each reply message further comprises a location of the replying user device.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
a) the sidelink hailing message further comprises a speed and a direction of travel of the first user device; and
b) each reply message further comprises a speed and a direction of travel of the replying user device.
17. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
a) determining that a particular reply message includes a data message portion in addition to the wireless address of the replying user device, the data message portion comprising information for the first user device; and
b) demodulating the data message portion.
18. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:
a) determining that a hazard is imminent;
b) determining, according to the reply messages, a particular wireless address of a particular replying user device; and
c) transmitting, to the particular replying user device, an emergency message.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein:
a) the emergency message comprises the wireless address of the particular user device.
20. The method of claim 11 , further comprising;
a) transmitting a first message to a particular user device, the first message comprising a recipient field comprising the wireless address of the particular user device; and
b) broadcasting a second message to all user devices in range, the second message comprising a recipient field set to zero.
21. A method for a first user device to communicate with other user devices, the method comprising:
determining a sidelink hailing channel comprising a particular frequency or frequency band allocated for sidelink messaging between user devices, the messaging being without involvement of a base station;
transmitting, on the sidelink hailing channel, a sidelink hailing message comprising a wireless address of the first user device;
receiving, on the sidelink hailing channel, a plurality of reply messages, each reply message transmitted by a replying user device responsive to the sidelink hailing message, each reply message comprising a wireless address of the replying user device;
wherein each of the reply messages is received by the first user device at a different time; and
wherein all of the reply messages are received by the first user device within a predetermined maximum time interval following the sidelink hailing message, and wherein
the sidelink hailing message and the reply messages are modulated in QPSK (quadrature phase-shift keying), and wherein
the sidelink hailing message comprises or is concatenated with a first demodulation reference comprising a maximum phase level and a minimum phase level of the modulation scheme,
and wherein
each reply message comprises or is concatenated with a reply demodulation reference comprising two resource elements, wherein the two resource elements are modulated according to the maximum phase level and minimum phase level of the modulation scheme, respectively.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the sidelink hailing message is transmitted according to 5G or 6G technology.
23. The method of claim 21 , wherein the sidelink hailing message further comprises a type code indicating that the sidelink hailing message is a sidelink hailing message.
24. The method of claim 21 , wherein:
a) the sidelink hailing message further comprises a location of the first user device; and
b) each reply message further comprises a location of the replying user device.
25. The method of claim 21 , wherein:
a) the sidelink hailing message further comprises a speed and a direction of travel of the first user device; and
b) each reply message further comprises a speed and a direction of travel of the replying user device.
26. The method of claim 21 , further comprising:
a) determining that a particular reply message includes a data message portion in addition to the wireless address of the replying user device, the data message portion comprising information for the first user device; and
b) demodulating the data message portion.
27. The method of claim 21 , further comprising:
a) determining that a hazard is imminent;
b) determining, according to the reply messages, a particular wireless address of a particular replying user device; and
c) transmitting, to the particular replying user device, an emergency message.
28. The method of claim 27 , wherein:
a) the emergency message comprises the wireless address of the particular user device.
29. The method of claim 21 , further comprising;
a) transmitting a first message to a particular user device, the first message comprising a recipient field comprising the wireless address of the particular user device; and
b) broadcasting a second message to all user devices in range, the second message comprising a recipient field set to zero.