Humidity control in chemical reactors
Control of humidity in chemical reactors, and associated systems and methods, are generally described. In certain embodiments, the humidity within gas transport conduits and chambers can be controlled to inhibit unwanted condensation within gas transport pathways. By inhibiting condensation within gas transport pathways, clogging of such pathways can be limited (or eliminated) such that transport of gas can be more easily and controllably achieved. In addition, strategies for purging condensed liquid from chemical reactor systems are also described.
1. A reactor system, comprising:
a reactor chamber, comprising:
a liquid sub-chamber configured to contain a liquid growth medium including at least one cell;
a gas sub-chamber configured to contain a gaseous headspace above the liquid growth medium; and
a gas-permeable flexible membrane separating the liquid sub-chamber from the gas sub-chamber;
a gas inlet conduit configured to transport gas into the gas sub-chamber through a reactor chamber gas inlet;
a gas outlet conduit configured to transport gas out of the gas sub-chamber through a reactor chamber gas outlet; and
a gas bypass conduit external to the reactor chamber, connecting the gas inlet conduit to the gas outlet conduit.
2. The reactor system of claim 1 , further comprising a humidifier configured to humidify the gas transported through the reactor chamber gas inlet.
3. The reactor system of claim 2 , further comprising an inlet flow control mechanism configured to regulate the flow of gas through the gas inlet conduit at a rate of equal to or less than about 1 milliliter per second.
4. The reactor system of claim 3 , wherein the humidifier is positioned between the inlet flow control mechanism and the reactor chamber gas inlet.
5. The reactor system of claim 1 , further comprising a liquid trap configured to remove liquid vapor from the gas within the gas outlet conduit.
6. The reactor system of claim 5 , further comprising an outlet flow control mechanism configured to regulate the flow of gas through the gas outlet conduit at a rate of equal to or less than about 1 milliliter per second.
7. The reactor system of claim 6 , wherein the liquid trap is positioned between the flow control mechanism and the reactor chamber gas outlet.
8. The reactor chamber of claim 1 , wherein the reactor chamber has a volume of less than or equal to about 50 milliliters.
9. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the gas-permeable flexible membrane is permeable to carbon dioxide and/or oxygen gas.
10. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the reactor chamber is configured to contain a volume of the liquid growth medium that is equal to or less than about 50 milliliters and equal to or greater than 10 microliters.
11. The reactor system of claim 1 , wherein the cell is a eukaryotic cell.
12. The reactor system of claim 11 , wherein the eukaryotic cell is an animal cell.
13. The reactor system of claim 12 , wherein the animal cell is a mammalian cell.
14. The reactor system of claim 13 , wherein the mammalian cell is a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell.
15. A method of operation a reactor system, comprising:
providing a reactor chamber comprising:
a liquid sub-chamber containing a liquid and at least one biological cell,
a gas sub-chamber configured to contain a headspace above the liquid, wherein the reactor chamber has a volume of less than or equal to about 50 milliliters;
a reactor chamber gas outlet conduit configured to transport gas out of the reactor chamber through a reactor chamber gas outlet;
a flexible membrane separating the liquid sub-chamber from the gas sub-chamber;
transporting a gas from a gas source through a reactor chamber gas inlet conduit to transport gas into the gas sub-chamber to deform the flexible membrane such that liquid is at least partially removed from the liquid sub-chamber;
reducing the supply of the gas to the gas sub-chamber such that the flexible membrane returns toward its original position;
transporting gas from the gas source through a gas bypass connected to the gas inlet conduit and external to the reactor chamber to remove liquid from the gas inlet conduit; and
supplying gas from the gas source to the gas sub-chamber at least a second time to deform the flexible membrane such that liquid is at least partially evacuated from the liquid sub-chamber.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the at least one biological cell is a mammalian cell.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the mammalian cell is selected from the group consisting of primate cells, bovine cells, horse cells, porcine cells, goat cells, dog cells, cat cells, human cells, and hamster cells.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the mammalian cell is a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell.
19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the at least one biological cell is a cardiac cell, a fibroblast, a keratinocyte, a hepatocyte, a chondrocyte, a neural cell, a osteocyte, a muscle cell, a blood cell, an endothelial cell, an immune cell, or a stem cell.