Phased beam-alignment pulse for rapid localization in 5G and 6G
Procedures are disclosed to enable a wireless device to determine its alignment direction toward a base station or another device in 5G or 6G, using a “phased beam-alignment pulse”, which is a transmitted pulse having phase modulation that varies with angle. For example, the pulse may be transmitted spanning 360 degrees of angle, and may be phase modulated varying from 0 to 360 degrees of phase in the same angular range. A user device can receive the phased beam-alignment pulse and immediately determine, from the phase, the alignment angle toward the transmitter. In another embodiment, the transmitter transmits a uniform, non-directional pulse, and the receiver receives it using an antenna configured to impose an angle-dependent phase shift, thereby indicating the alignment direction. With either method, wireless entities can align their beams rapidly and efficiently, using just one or two resource elements, without complex encoding or time-consuming handshaking.
1. Non-transitory computer-readable media in a base station of a wireless network, the media containing instructions that when implemented in a computing environment cause a method to be performed, the method comprising:
a) configuring an antenna to transmit electromagnetic energy in a range of directions between a first direction and a second direction, wherein the electromagnetic energy is phase modulated according to a first phase, transmitted in the first direction and modulated according to a second phase, transmitted in the second direction, wherein the phase varies monotonically from the first phase to the second phase, the first phase being transmitted in the first direction, and the second phase being transmitted in the second direction;
b) transmitting, with the antenna so configured, a first pulse of electromagnetic energy to a user device(s) of the wireless network;
c) receiving, by the user device of the wireless network, the first pulse, and measuring a phase value associated with the first pulse; and
d) receiving a reply message from the user device of the wireless network, the reply message indicating a measured phase value associated with the first pulse.
2. The media of claim 1 , wherein the first pulse and the message are transmitted according to 5G or 6G technology.
3. The media of claim 1 , the method further comprising transmitting a second pulse of electromagnetic energy, wherein a phase modulation of the second pulse is constant in the range of directions between the first direction and the second direction.
4. The media of claim 1 , the method further comprising:
a) reconfiguring the antenna to transmit electromagnetic energy modulated according to the second phase, being transmitted in the first direction, and modulated according to the first phase, being transmitted in the second direction; and
b) transmitting, with the antenna so reconfigured, a second pulse.
5. The media of claim 1 , wherein:
a) the antenna comprises a plurality of antenna modules, each antenna module oriented in a different module direction, the module directions equally spaced around a 360 degree circle;
b) wherein the range of directions includes angles spanning 0 to 360 degrees of angle; and
c) wherein the phase modulation includes phases spanning 0 to 360 degrees of phase.
6. The media of claim 5 , the method further comprising:
a) adjusting the antenna to transmit electromagnetic energy with phase modulation spanning 0 to 360 degrees of phase in angles spanning 0 to 360/N degrees of angle, wherein N equals an integer larger than 1; and
b) transmitting, with the antenna so adjusted, a third pulse.
7. The media of claim 1 , the method further comprising:
a) determining a correction function comprising a difference between a linear formula and a distribution of transmitted phase in the first pulse, wherein the linear formula comprises a straight-line fit to the distribution of transmitted phase in the first pulse;
b) determining a phase correction according to the measured phase value and the correction function;
c) adding or subtracting the phase correction to the measured phase value; and
d) determining a corrected alignment direction according to the measured phase value including the phase correction.
8. The media of claim 1 , wherein:
a) the transmitted electromagnetic energy comprises a plurality of directed beams, each directed beam having a particular phase, a particular direction, and a particular angular width; and
b) wherein the directed beams are configured to at least partially overlap with at least one other directed beam of the plurality of directed beams.
9. The media of claim 1 , wherein the first pulse is transmitted in exactly one resource element.
10. The media of claim 9 , wherein the transmitted electromagnetic energy is configured such that a phase of the electromagnetic energy varies monotonically from a first direction to a second direction.