Mold corner heating during casting
Systems and methods may utilize magnetic rotors to heat molten metal in the corner regions of a mold during casting (e.g., casting of an ingot, billet, or slab). The magnetic rotors are positioned adjacent to the corners of the mold and heat the molten metal in the corner region to increase the temperature of the molten metal adjacent the corners. The increased temperature of the molten metal in the mold corners can prevent intermetallics from forming in the molten metal or otherwise reduce such formation.
1. An apparatus comprising:
a mold comprising mold walls defining an opening for accepting molten metal, wherein an intersection of the mold walls at least partially defines a corner region of the opening; and
a magnetic rotor adjacent to the corner region, wherein the magnetic rotor is:
oriented to rotate one or more permanent magnets around a rotational axis that is perpendicular to a top face of the mold,
positioned at a height above the molten metal when the molten metal is within the opening defined by the mold, and
configured to induce a current in the molten metal within the corner region to heat the molten metal within the corner region to a temperature that inhibits formation of intermetallics.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic rotor is a first magnetic rotor, the corner region is a first corner region, the height is a first height, and the apparatus further comprises a second magnetic rotor adjacent a second corner region at a second height above the molten metal.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the intersection of the mold walls defines a rounded interior face and heating of the molten metal within the corner region is localized to a region between the rounded interior face and 50 mm from the rounded interior face.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic rotor has a circular cross-section having a first radius and the intersection of the mold walls has an interior face with a second radius that is larger than or equal to the first radius.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the magnetic rotor is operable to rotate one or more permanent magnets around a rotation axis at a speed in a range of 100 revolutions per minute (RPM) to 400 RPM.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the magnetic rotor is operable to rotate the one or more permanent magnets around a rotation axis at a speed of 180 RPM.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein heating of the molten metal is limited to the corner region and does not heat the molten metal near a center of the mold.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the temperature is above 515 degrees Celsius.
9. A system including the apparatus of claim 1 , the system further comprising:
a drive shaft coupled with the magnetic rotor and configured to rotate the one or more permanent magnets around the rotational axis; and
a motor coupled with the drive shaft, the motor configured to, using the drive shaft, rotate the magnetic rotor to induce the current in the molten metal within the corner region.
10. The system of claim 9 , wherein two or more of the mold walls form a rounded interior face having a first radius, the magnetic rotor has a circular cross-section having a second radius that is smaller than or equal to the first radius, and the magnetic rotor is positioned adjacent to the rounded interior face and within the opening.
11. The system of claim 9 , wherein the mold walls are stationary and the mold further comprises a bottom block lowerable to support the molten metal as it solidifies into a solidifying ingot.
12. The system of claim 9 , wherein the magnetic rotor comprises one or more permanent magnets fixedly attached to the drive shaft or mounted to the drive shaft to spin freely.
13. A method of using the apparatus of claim 1 , the method comprising:
depositing the molten metal into the mold opening; and
generating the current in the molten metal in the corner region to heat the molten metal in the corner region to the temperature that inhibits formation of the intermetallics by rotating the magnetic rotor around the rotational axis.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the current is caused by changing magnetic fields induced in the molten metal in the corner region by rotating the one or more permanent magnets.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the magnetic rotor is positioned to cause heating localized in the corner region with minimal heating outside of the corner region.