M-TYPE HEXAFERRITE COMPRISING A LOW DIELECTRIC LOSS CERAMIC
In an aspect, an M-type ferrite, comprises oxides of Me, Me′, Me″, Co, Ti, and Fe; wherein Me is at least one of Ba, Sr, or Pb; Me′ is at least one of Ti, Zr, Ru, or Ir; and Me″ is at least one of Mg or Ca. In another aspect, a method of making an M-type ferrite comprises milling ferrite precursor compounds comprising oxides of at least Co, Fe, Ti, Me, Me′, and Me″, to form an oxide mixture; wherein Me comprises at least one of Ba, Sr, or Pb; Me′ is at least one of Ti, Zr, Ru, or Ir; and Me″ is at least one of Mg or Ca; and calcining the oxide mixture in an oxygen or air atmosphere to form the M-type ferrite.
1 . An M-type ferrite, comprising:
oxides of Me, Me′, Me″, Co, Ti, and Fe;
wherein Me is at least one of Ba, Sr, or Pb; Me′ is at least one of Ti, Zr, Ru, or Ir; and Me″ is at least one of Mg or Ca;
wherein the M-type ferrite comprises a dielectric phase having the formula Me″TiO 3 .
2 . The M-type ferrite of claim 1 , wherein the M-type ferrite comprises
a magnetic phase having the formula MeCo x Me′ x Fe 12-1x O 19 , wherein Me is at least one of Ba, Sr, or Pb; Me′ is at least one of Ti, Zr, Ru, or Ir; and x is 0.1 to 2.
3 . The M-type ferrite of claim 2 , wherein the magnetic phase has the formula of BaCo x Ti x Fe 12-2x O 19 .
4 . The M-type ferrite of claim 2 , wherein x is 0.1 to 1.3.
5 . The M-type ferrite of any of claim 2 , wherein a mole ratio of the magnetic phase to the dielectric phase is 1:0.005 to 1:0.5.
6 . The M-type ferrite of claim 1 , wherein the M-type ferrite has a formula of (Ba 1.1-x (CoTi) 1.2 Fe 9.6-12.9x O 19 ), wherein z is 0.005 to 0.3.
7 . The M-type ferrite of claim 1 , wherein the M-type ferrite is in the form of at least one of a solid-solution or a bi-phase.
8 . The M-type ferrite of claim 1 , wherein the M-type ferrite has an average grain size is of 1 to 100 micrometers, as measured using transmission electron microscopy or field emission scanning electron microscopy.
9 . The M-type ferrite of claim 1 , wherein the M-type ferrite has a permeability of greater than or equal to 30 at a frequency of 200 megahertz.
10 . The M-type ferrite of claim 1 , wherein the M-type ferrite has a figure of merit of greater than or equal to 50 at a frequency of 200 megahertz.
11 . The M-type ferrite of claim 1 , wherein the M-type ferrite has a magnetic loss tangent tanδ μ of less than or equal to 0.8 at a frequency of 200 megahertz.
12 . The M-type ferrite of claim 1 , wherein the M-type ferrite has a Snoek product of greater than or equal to 5 gigahertz at over the frequency range of 1 to 300 megahertz.
13 . A composite comprising a polymer and the M-type ferrite of claim 1 .
14 . The composite of claim 12 , wherein the polymer comprises at least one of a fluoropolymer or a polyolefin.
15 . An article comprising the ferrite composition of claim 1 .
16 . The article of claim 14 , wherein the article is an antenna, a filter, an inductor, a circulator, or an EMI suppressor.
17 . A method of making a M-type ferrite (optionally of any of claims 1 to 11 ) comprising:
milling ferrite precursor compounds comprising oxides of at least Co, Fe, Ti, Me, Me′, and Me″, to form an oxide mixture; wherein Me comprises at least one of Ba, Sr, or Pb; Me′ is at least one of Ti, Zr, Ru, or Ir; and Me″ is at least one of Mg or Ca; and
calcining the oxide mixture in an oxygen or air atmosphere to form the M-type ferrite.
18 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the milling the ferrite precursor compounds comprises:
milling the ferrite precursor compounds comprising oxides of at least Co, Fe, Me, and Me′ to form a first oxide mixture; and
milling the ferrite precursor compounds comprising oxides of at least Ti and Me″ to form a second oxide mixture;
wherein the calcining comprises separately calcining the first oxide mixture and the second oxide mixture or calcining a mixture comprising the first oxide mixture and the second oxide mixture.
19 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the calcining comprises separately calcining the first oxide mixture and the second oxide mixture to form separately calcined mixtures; and the method further comprises mixing the separately calcined mixture to form the M-type ferrite.
20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the milling occurs for greater than or equal to 4 hours; or at a mixing speed of greater than or equal to 300 revolutions per minute.
21 . The method of claim 16 , further comprising post-annealing the M-type ferrite in an oxygen or air atmosphere after the high energy milling; wherein the post-annealing occurs at an annealing temperature of 900 to 1,275° C. for an annealing time of 1 to 20 hours.
22 . The method of claim 16 , wherein the calcining the calcined ferrite occurs at a calcining temperature of 800 to 1,300° C. for a calcining time of 0.5 to 20 hours.
23 . The method of claim 16 , further comprising forming a composite comprising the M-type ferrite and a polymer.