Modular mobile heat generation unit for generation of geothermal power in organic Rankine cycle operations
Systems and methods for generating electrical power in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operation include one or more heat exchangers incorporated into mobile heat generation units, and which will receive a heated fluid flow from one or more heat sources, and transfer heat therefrom to a working fluid that is circulated through an ORC unit for generation of power. In embodiments, the mobile heat generation units comprise pre-packaged modules with one or more heat exchangers connected to a pump of a recirculation system, including an array of piping, such that each mobile heat generation unit can be transported to the site and installed as a substantially stand-alone module or heat generation assembly.
1. A system to generate power in an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) operation, the system comprising:
at least one ORC unit configured to generate electrical power; and
at least one mobile heat generation unit in fluid communication with the at least one ORC unit and configured to operate with one or more heat sources supplying a high pressure or high temperature fluid to the at least one mobile heat generation unit;
wherein the mobile heat generation unit is configured as a transportable module and comprises:
a frame having an upper portion, a lower portion and a plurality of side portions so as collectively to define a chamber therein;
at least one heat exchanger mounted within the chamber and configured to connect to at least one of the one or more heat sources, the at least one heat exchanger mounted within the chamber at an elevated position adjacent the upper portion of the frame to facilitate access to the at least one heat exchanger from within the chamber and through the upper portion of the frame;
a fluid recirculation system at least partially located within the chamber and comprising:
a fluid intake conduit coupled to a return line in fluid communication with the at least one ORC unit to receive a working fluid at a first temperature from the at least one ORC unit,
a fluid outlet conduit configured to couple to a heated fluid supply line in fluid communication with the at least one ORC unit to supply the working fluid thereto, wherein the working fluid is output to the fluid supply line for supply to the ORC unit at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature when passing therethrough,
a pump connected to the fluid intake conduit and configured to pump the working fluid received through the fluid intake conduit through the fluid recirculation system,
a piping array, including a first section of piping extending between the pump and the at least one heat exchanger to supply the working fluid to the at least one heat exchanger, and a second section of piping extending between the at least one heat exchanger and the fluid outlet conduit, so that as the working fluid passes along the piping array and through the at least one heat exchanger, heat from the high pressure or high temperature fluid supplied to the at least one heat exchanger from the one or more heat sources transfers to the working fluid so as to heat the working fluid to the second temperature that is greater than the first temperature, and
a controller positioned within the frame, the controller having programming configured to monitor temperature, pressure, or a combination thereof of the working fluid passing along a fluid recirculation loop defined between the mobile heat generation unit and the at least one ORC unit and to regulate flow of the working fluid through the at least one heat exchanger for transfer of heat from the flow of the high pressure or high temperature fluid to the working fluid for supply to the at least one ORC unit.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one mobile heat generation unit includes at least two heat exchangers configured to extract heat from a compressed gas, a heated exhaust gas, a heated liquid, or combination thereof.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one mobile heat generation unit further comprises an air separator along the second section of piping, the air separator configured to remove particulates from the working fluid.
4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one mobile heat generation unit has a length of between approximately fifteen feet to approximately twenty feet.
5. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one mobile heat generation unit further comprises a plurality of cover panels positioned along the upper and lower portions and the side portions of the frame, so as to substantially enclose the chamber, and wherein at least one or more of the cover panels are configured to be removable from the frame to enable access to the chamber.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein one or more of the cover panels along the upper portion are removable to enable removal and replacement of the at least one heat exchanger.
7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one mobile heat generation unit further comprises an expansion tank located in fluid communication with the first section of piping, and wherein the controller includes programming configured to regulate flow of the working fluid into the expansion tank so as to reduce the pressure of the working fluid.
8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the chamber of the frame comprises a plurality of quadrants including at least a first quadrant defining a control cabinet housing the controller and a second quadrant defining a working area in which the at least one heat exchanger and the fluid recirculation system are located.
9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a power and data connection extending between the at least one ORC unit and the at least one mobile heat generation unit for transmission of power and data between the at least one ORC unit and the at least one mobile heat generation unit, wherein the controller comprises a first controller, and wherein the at least one ORC unit includes a second controller, the first controller of the at least one mobile heat generation unit being coupled to the second controller of the at least one ORC unit.
10. The system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one mobile heat generation unit further comprises a backup power system configured to supply power to the controller and including a series of sensors, and wherein the controller is configured to open one or more drainage valves for release of the working fluid from the fluid recirculation system upon detection of a loss of power from a direct power supply.
11. A system to generate geothermal power, the system comprising:
at least one mobile heat generation unit; and
one or more conduits configured to divert a flow of heated fluid from one or more heat sources to the at least one mobile heat generation unit,
wherein the at least one mobile heat generation unit comprises:
a pair of heat exchangers mounted at elevated positions adapted to facilitate access,
a pump configured to pump a flow of a working fluid through the heat exchangers,
a first fluid path extending through the heat exchangers and along which the flow of heated fluid is received from at least one of the one or more conduits and is directed through the heat exchangers, and
a second fluid path extending through the heat exchangers and along which the flow of the working fluid directed through the heat exchangers for indirectly transferring heat from the flow of heated fluid passing through the heat exchangers along the first fluid path to the flow of the working fluid passing through the heat exchangers positioned along the second fluid path to cause the working fluid to be heated so as to change phases from a liquid substantially to a vapor; and
an ORC unit including a generator, a gas expander, and a pump;
wherein a substantially closed fluid recirculation loop for the working fluid is defined between the at least one mobile heat generation unit and the ORC unit when connected to the second fluid path of the mobile heat generation unit,
wherein the flow of the heated working fluid into the ORC unit causes the generator thereof to generate electrical power via rotation of the gas expander of the ORC operation, after which the working fluid is cooled so as to cause the working fluid to change phases to the liquid phase, wherein the liquid phase working fluid is recirculated back to the at least one mobile heat generation unit for reheating, and wherein the at least one heat mobile heat generation unit comprises a transportable pre-packaged module.
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the at least one mobile heat generation unit includes a substantially rectangular frame defining a working footprint having a length of approximately fifteen feet to approximately twenty feet and a width of at least about eight feet.
13. The system of claim 11 , wherein the system includes at least one additional ORC unit connected to the mobile heat generation unit.
14. The system of claim 11 , wherein the at least one mobile heat generation unit comprises a skeletonized frame defining a chamber and having upper and lower portions and side portions, and a plurality of cover panels mounted along the upper and lower portions and the side portions of the frame, so as to substantially enclose the chamber, and wherein at least one or more of the cover panels is configured to be removable from the frame to enable access to the chamber.
15. The system of claim 11 , further comprising a power and data connection extending between the at least one ORC unit and the at least one mobile heat generation unit for transmission of power and data between the at least one ORC unit and the at least one mobile heat generation unit.
16. The system of claim 11 , wherein the working fluid includes deionized water pentafluoropropane, carbon dioxide, water mixtures, tetrafluoroethane, isobutene, propane, pentane, perfluorocarbons, hydrocarbon mixtures, and combinations thereof.
17. A mobile heat generation unit comprising:
a transportable package including a frame having upper and lower portions and side portions positioned so as collectively to define a chamber therein and having a frame footprint, the package further comprising:
at least one heat exchanger located within the chamber at an elevated position adjacent the upper portion of the frame to facilitate access to the at least one heat exchanger;
a connecting pipe extending between the at least one heat exchanger and a heat source and configured to direct a flow of a high pressure or high temperature fluid from the heat source to the at least one heat exchanger;
a controller having programming configured to monitor temperature, pressure, or a combination thereof of a working fluid passing along a fluid recirculation loop defined between the mobile heat generation unit and at least one ORC unit and to regulate flow of the working fluid through the at least one heat exchanger for transfer of heat from the flow of the high pressure or high temperature fluid to the working fluid; and
a fluid recirculation system comprising:
a fluid intake conduit coupled in fluid communication with the at least one ORC unit to receive the working fluid at a first temperature from the at least one ORC unit,
a fluid outlet conduit in fluid communication with the at least one ORC unit to supply the working fluid thereto, wherein the working fluid is supplied to the ORC unit at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature,
a pump connected to the fluid intake conduit, the pump and configured to pump the working fluid received through the fluid intake conduit through the fluid recirculation system, and
a piping array, including a first section of piping extending between the pump and the at least one heat exchanger for supplying the working fluid to the at least one heat exchanger, and a second section of piping extending between the at least one heat exchanger and the fluid outlet conduit, at least a portion of the fluid inlet conduit extends adjacent an upper portion of the frame and connects to the first section of piping, and at least a portion of the fluid outlet conduit extends adjacent an upper portion of the frame and connects to the second section of piping, thereby as the working fluid passes along the piping array and through the at least one heat exchanger, heat from the high pressure or high temperature fluid supplied to the at least one heat exchanger from the heat source transfers to the working fluid so as to heat the working fluid to the second temperature for supply to the at least one ORC unit.
18. The mobile heat generation unit of claim 17 , wherein the frame further comprises a plurality of cover panels positioned along the upper and lower portions and the sides of the frame, so as to substantially enclose the chamber, and wherein at least one or more of the cover panels are configured to be removable from the frame to enable access to the chamber.
19. The mobile heat generation unit of claim 17 , wherein the at least one mobile heat generation unit includes a frame defining a working footprint having a length of approximately 15 to approximately 20 feet, and a width of at least about 8 feet.
20. The mobile heat generation unit of claim 17 , further comprising a power and data connection extending between the at least one ORC unit and the at least one mobile heat generation unit for transmission of power and data between the at least one ORC unit and the at least one mobile heat generation unit, wherein the controller comprises a first controller, wherein the at least one ORC unit includes a controller defining a second controller, and wherein the first controller of the at least one mobile heat generation unit is coupled to the second controller of the at least one ORC unit.
21. The mobile heat generation unit of claim 17 , further comprising a backup power system configured to supply power to the controller and having a series of sensors, including one or more sensors adopted to monitor ambient environment weather condition of one or more drainage valves for release of the working fluid from the fluid recirculation system upon loss of power from a direct power supply.
22. A method for generating geothermal power, the method comprising:
locating one or more mobile heat generation units at a hydrocarbon production site, the one or more mobile heat generation units each comprises a package having at least one heat exchanger, a controller, and a fluid recirculation system including a pump, a fluid inlet conduit through which a flow of a working fluid is received in a substantially liquid phase, a fluid outlet conduit through which the working fluid is supplied in a substantially vapor phase, and an array of piping defining a fluid path extending from the pump through the at least one heat exchanger and to the fluid outlet conduit;
connecting the at least one heat exchanger of the one or more mobile heat generation units to a heat source thereby defining a fluid path extending from the heat source through the at least one heat exchanger;
connecting one or more ORC units to the at least one heat exchanger;
opening one or more valves positioned between the at least one heat exchanger and the heat source connected thereto to enable a flow of heated fluid along the fluid path extending from the heat source through the at least one heat exchanger;
pumping the working fluid along the fluid path extending from the pump through the at least one heat exchanger and to the fluid outlet conduit;
transferring heat, via the at least one heat exchanger, from the flow of heated fluid to the working fluid when pumped through the at least one heat exchanger, to cause a change in phase of the working fluid from a liquid to a vapor, which is thereafter supplied to the one or more ORC units to drive a generator for generation of electrical power from the ORC operation;
monitoring temperature of the working fluid, pressure of the working fluid, ambient weather conditions, or a combination thereof; and
operating one or more control valves to regulate the flow of the working fluid through the array of piping to control the temperature or pressure thereof, or to drain the working fluid from the array of piping upon detecting of subfreezing temperatures.