Activatable cytokine polypeptides and methods of use thereof
The disclosure features fusion proteins that are conditionally active variants of a cytokine of interest. In one aspect, the full-length polypeptides of the invention have reduced or minimal cytokine-receptor activating activity even though they contain a functional cytokine polypeptide. Upon activation, e.g., by cleavage of a linker that joins a blocking moiety, e.g. a steric blocking polypeptide, in sequence to the active cytokine, the cytokine can bind its receptor and effect signaling. Typically, the fusion proteins further comprise an in vivo half-life extension element, which may be cleaved from the cytokine in the tumor microenvironment.
1. A method of treating a cancer, in a human subject comprising administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of therapeutic combination comprising
a) an inducible cytokine polypeptide, wherein the inducible cytokine polypeptide comprises a) a cytokine polypeptide; b) a cytokine blocking moiety that inhibits cytokine receptor activating activity of the cytokine polypeptide; and c) a half-life extension domain; wherein the cytokine polypeptide is operably linked to the cytokine blocking moiety through a first linker comprising a cleavable peptide and the cytokine blocking moiety is operably linked to the half-life extension domain through a second linker; and
b) a cellular therapy.
2. The method of claim 1 , where the cellular therapy comprises T-cell therapy.
3. The method of 2 , wherein the T-cell therapy comprises activated T cells.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the T-cell therapy comprises CAR-T cells.
5. The method of claim 1 , where the cellular therapy comprises NK cells.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein cytokine polypeptide comprises IL-2, IL-7, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, IL-21, IL-23, TGF, interferon alpha, interferon beta, interferon gamma, TNF, TGFbeta, CXCL10, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, or a mutein, a variant, an active fragment, or a subunit of any of the foregoing.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inducible cytokine polypeptide comprises IL-2.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inducible cytokine polypeptide comprises IL-12.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inducible cytokine polypeptide comprises one polypeptide chain, or two or more polypeptide chains.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cytokine blocking moiety is a ligand-binding domain or fragment of a cognate receptor for the cytokine polypeptide or an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of an antibody that binds the cytokine polypeptide.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein half-life extension domain is an immunoglobulin Fc, human serum albumin or a fragment thereof that binds neonatal Fc receptor, or an antigen-binding portion of an antibody that binds to FcRn or to human serum albumin.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein a) the cytokine polypeptide is an IL-2 polypeptide; b) the cytokine blocking moiety is a IL-2-binding domain or fragment of an IL-2 receptor or an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of an antibody that binds IL-2; and c) the half-life extension domain is an immunoglobulin Fc, human serum albumin or a fragment thereof that binds neonatal Fc receptor, or an antigen-binding portion of an antibody that binds to FcRn or to human serum albumin.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the cytokine blocking moiety is a IL-2-binding domain or fragment of an IL-2 receptor, and the IL-2 receptor comprises IL-2Rα (CD25), IL-2Rβ (CD122), IL-2Rγ (CD132) or combinations thereof.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the cytokine blocking moiety is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of an antibody that binds IL-2.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein a) the cytokine polypeptide is an IL-12 polypeptide; b) the cytokine blocking moiety is a IL-12-binding domain or fragment of an IL-12 receptor or an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of an antibody that binds IL-12; and c) the half-life extension domain is an immunoglobulin Fc, human serum albumin or a fragment thereof that binds neonatal Fc receptor, or an antigen-binding portion of an antibody that binds to FcRn or to human serum albumin.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the cytokine blocking moiety is a IL-12-binding domain or fragment of an IL-12 receptor, and the IL-12 receptor comprises IL-12Rβ1, IL-12Rβ2 or combinations thereof.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein the cytokine blocking moiety is an antibody or antigen-binding fragment of an antibody that binds IL-12.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the cancer is characterized by solid tumors.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inducible cytokine polypeptide comprises a substrate for a protease and has at least about 10× less cytokine receptor activating activity relative to the polypeptide that contains the cytokine that is produced by protease cleavage of the inducible cytokine polypeptide.