ELECTRICAL STRESS GRADING COMPOSITIONS AND DEVICES INCLUDING THE SAME
Provided according to embodiments of the invention are electrical stress grading compositions that include a polymer, inorganic nanoplatelets, and inorganic filler particles, wherein the inorganic nanoplatelets and the inorganic filler particles are dispersed in the polymer. Also provided are electrical devices that include such electrical stress grading compositions including, for example, power cable accessories, insulators, bushings, and surge arrestors. Further provided according to embodiments of the invention are methods of forming electrical stress grading compositions.
1 . An electrical stress grading composition comprising:
a polymer,
inorganic nanoplatelets having an aspect ratio of at least about 100, and
inorganic filler particles having a diameter in a range of about 10 nm to about 50 μm,
wherein the inorganic nanoplatelets and the inorganic filler particles are dispersed in the polymer.
2 . The electrical stress grading composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic nanoplatelets comprise at least one of graphene, graphene oxide, and functionalized graphene.
3 . The electrical stress grading composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic nanoplatelets have a thickness in a range of about 1 nm to about to 20 nm.
4 . The electrical stress grading composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic filler particles comprise SiC and/or one or more metal oxide(s), optionally wherein the one or more metal oxide(s) are selected from the group consisting of SiC, ZnO, FeO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , BaTiO 3 , SnO 2 , SbO 2 , Ba 1-x SrxTiO 3 (BST), Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 (PZT), SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 (SBT), LiNbO 3 (LNO), and a combination of any of the foregoing.
5 . The electrical stress grading composition of claim 4 , wherein the inorganic filler particles comprise barium titanate, strontium barium titanate, a composite of barium titanate and graphene, and/or a composite of strontium barium titanate and graphene.
6 . The electrical stress grading composition of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is an electrically insulating polymer, optionally wherein the polymer comprises a thermoplastic polymer (e.g., a thermoplastic polyolefin), a silicone polymer (e.g., a liquid silicone rubber), an EPDM rubber, an epoxy, or any combination thereof.
7 . The electrical stress grading composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic nanoplatelets have an aspect ratio of at least about 500, at least about 1,000, or at least about 10,000.
8 . The electrical stress grading composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic nanoplatelets are present in the composition at a concentration in a range of about 0.1% to about 2% by volume of the composition.
9 . The electrical stress grading composition of claim 1 , wherein the inorganic filler particles are present in the composition at a concentration in a range of about 5% to about 30% (e.g., about 5% to about 20%) by volume of the composition.
10 . The electrical stress grading composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a dielectric constant in a range of about 5 to about 50 (e.g., about 5 to 20).
11 . The electrical stress grading composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a dissipation factor of less than about 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, or 5%.
12 . The electrical stress grading composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a volume resistivity above about 1×10 7 Ω·cm.
13 . A power cable accessory comprising:
the electrical stress grading composition of claim 1 .
14 . The power cable accessory of claim 13 , wherein the power cable accessory is a medium-voltage (MV) or high-voltage (HV) power coaxial cable accessory.
15 . The power cable accessory of claim 13 , wherein the electrical stress grading composition is configured to engage a terminal edge of a semiconductive layer in the power cable accessory.
16 . The power cable accessory of claim 13 , wherein the electrical stress grading composition is present as a flowable conformable medium.
17 . The power cable accessory of claim 13 , wherein the electrical stress grading composition has a modulus at 100% elongation (M100) in a range of from about 0.2 MPa to about 2.0 MPa.
18 . The power cable accessory of claim 13 , wherein the power cable accessory includes:
a tubular electrically insulating layer; and
a tubular stress control layer integrally molded with the electrically insulating layer; and
the stress control layer is formed of the electrical stress grading composition.
19 . The power cable accessory of claim 13 , wherein the electrical stress grading composition is adjacent to a stress cone.
20 . A method of preparing an electrical cable, the method comprising:
applying the electrical stress grading composition of claim 1 onto the electrical cable.
21 . The method of claim 20 , wherein applying the electrical stress grading composition onto the cable includes engaging the electrical stress grading composition with the cable at a terminal edge of a semiconductor layer.
22 . An electrical device comprising:
a medium-voltage or high-voltage conductor;
an electrically insulating layer on and/or around the medium-voltage or high-voltage conductor;
the electrical stress grading composition of claim 1 on and/or around the electrically insulating layer; and
a ground conductor on and/or around the electrical stress grading composition.
23 . The electrical device of claim 22 , wherein the electrical device is an insulator, a bushing, or a surge arrestor.