Broadband decoupling radiating elements and base station antennas having such radiating elements
Antennas include first and second radiating elements that are configured to operate in respective operating frequency bands. The first radiating element includes a first dipole arm that has a first conductive path and a second conductive path that is positioned behind the first conductive path. The first conductive path includes a plurality of first segments and the second conductive path includes a plurality of second segments, where a subset of the first segments overlap respective ones of second segments to form a plurality of pairs of overlapping first and second segments. At least some of the pairs of overlapping segments are configured so that the instantaneous direction of a first current formed on the first segment in response to RF radiation emitted by the second radiating element will be substantially opposite the instantaneous direction of a second current formed on the second segment in response to the RF radiation.
1. An antenna, comprising:
a reflector;
a first radiating element extending forwardly from the reflector that is configured to operate in a first operating frequency band; and
a second radiating element extending forwardly from the reflector that is configured to operate in a second operating frequency band that encompasses higher frequencies than the first operating frequency band,
wherein the first radiating element includes a first dipole radiator having a first dipole arm and a second dipole arm and a second dipole radiator having a third dipole arm and a fourth dipole arm,
wherein the first dipole arm includes a first conductive path and a second conductive path that is positioned behind the first conductive path,
wherein the first conductive path includes a plurality of first segments and the second conductive path includes a plurality of second segments, where a first subset of the first segments overlaps respective ones of the second segments in a second subset of the second segments to form a plurality of pairs of overlapping first and second segments,
wherein the first conductive path comprises a first wave shape structure having a first frequency, and the second conductive path comprises a second wave shape structure having a second frequency that is different than the first frequency.
2. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive path comprises a first meandered conductive path and the second conductive path comprises a second meandered conductive path.
3. The antenna of claim 2 , wherein the first meandered conductive path comprises a plurality of first longitudinal segments that extend parallel to a longitudinal direction of the first dipole arm and a plurality of first transverse segments that extend perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first dipole arm.
4. The antenna of claim 3 , wherein the second meandered conductive path comprises a plurality of second longitudinal segments that extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the first dipole arm and a plurality of second transverse segments that extend perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first dipole arm.
5. The antenna of claim 4 , wherein at least some of the pairs of overlapping first and second segments comprise a respective one of the first transverse segments and a respective one of the second transverse segments.
6. The antenna of claim 3 , wherein an average length of the first transverse segments is less than ¼ of a wavelength corresponding to a center frequency of the second operating frequency band.
7. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein in at least some of the pairs of overlapping first and second segments, one of the first and second segments completely overlaps the other of the first and second segments.
8. The antenna of claim 1 , further comprising a third radiating element extending forwardly from the reflector that is configured to operate in a third operating frequency band that encompasses higher frequencies than the second operating frequency band, wherein the second dipole arm overlaps the third radiating element, wherein the first and second dipole arms are configured to be more transparent to a second RF signal in the second operating frequency band and a third RF signal in the third operating frequency band than to a first RF signal in the first operating frequency band.
9. The antenna of claim 1 , wherein the first frequency and the second frequency differ from each other by a multiple of an integer.
10. A radiating element, comprising:
a first dipole radiator having a first dipole arm and a second dipole arm and a second dipole radiator having a third dipole arm and a fourth dipole arm,
wherein the first dipole arm includes a first meandered conductive path that extends from a base of the first dipole arm to a distal end of the first dipole arm and a second meandered conductive path that is positioned behind the first meandered conductive path, and
wherein a first average width of the first meandered conductive path is less than 0.05 of a wavelength corresponding to a center frequency of an operating frequency band, and a second average width of the second meandered conductive path is less than 0.05 of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band.
11. The radiating element of claim 10 , wherein the first meandered conductive path comprises a plurality of first longitudinal segments that extend parallel to a longitudinal direction of the first dipole arm and a plurality of first transverse segments that extend perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first dipole arm, and wherein the second meandered conductive path comprises a plurality of second longitudinal segments that extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the first dipole arm and a plurality of second transverse segments that extend perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first dipole arm.
12. The radiating element of claim 11 , wherein at least some of the first transverse segments overlap respective ones of the second transverse segments.
13. The radiating element of claim 11 , further comprising: a feed stalk having a feed line, and wherein the first meandered conductive path is galvanically connected to the feed line and the second meandered conductive path is galvanically coupled to the feed stalk.
14. The radiating element of claim 10 , wherein the first meandered conductive path and the second meandered conductive path form respective closed loops.
15. The radiating element of claim 10 , wherein the first meandered conductive path comprises a first wave shape structure having a first frequency, and the second meandered conductive path comprises a second wave shape structure having a second frequency that is different than the first frequency.
16. The radiating element of claim 10 , wherein the first meandered conductive path comprises a plurality of first wave sections that each have a wave shape structure, and a plurality of first transition sections that connect respective adjacent pairs of the first wave sections.
17. An antenna, comprising:
a reflector;
a first radiating element extending forwardly from the reflector that is configured to operate in a first operating frequency band, the first radiating element including a first dipole arm; and
a second radiating element extending forwardly from the reflector that is configured to operate in a second operating frequency band that encompasses higher frequencies than the first operating frequency band,
wherein the first dipole arm includes a first conductive path and a second conductive path that are spaced apart from each other,
wherein a first segment of the first conductive path overlaps a second segment of the second conductive path,
wherein the first segment of the first conductive path has a different shape than the second segment of the second conductive path in a plan view, and
wherein the first dipole arm is configured so that first and second currents that are induced on the respective first and second conductive paths in response to radio frequency (“RF”) radiation emitted by the second radiating element each flow outwardly along the first dipole arm, but flow in opposite directions along the respective first and second segments.
18. The antenna of claim 17 , wherein the first radiating element comprises a first dipole radiator that includes the first dipole arm and a second dipole arm, and a second dipole radiator having a third dipole arm and a fourth dipole arm, and wherein each dipole arm includes a base that is adjacent a center of the first radiating element and a distal end that is positioned outwardly of the base.
19. The antenna of claim 18 , wherein the first conductive path comprises a first meandered conductive path and the second conductive path comprises a second meandered conductive path.
20. The antenna of claim 19 , wherein the first meandered conductive path comprises a plurality of first longitudinal segments that extend parallel to a longitudinal direction of the first dipole arm and a plurality of first transverse segments that extend perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first dipole arm, and the second meandered conductive path comprises a plurality of second longitudinal segments that extend parallel to the longitudinal direction of the first dipole arm and a plurality of second transverse segments that extend perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the first dipole arm.