Heat dissipation in an optical device
A phase shifter includes a substrate layer, a cladding layer, and a waveguide. The phase shifter includes a waveguide and a heating element. The phase shifter includes a thermally conductive structure disposed on the cladding layer to disperse heat from the waveguide. The thermally conductive structure may include a metal strip disposed longitudinally along the beam, may include thermally conductive pads, and/or may include thermally conductive vias coupled between the cladding layer and the substrate layer. The phase shifter may be incorporated into light detection and ranging (LIDAR) devices, telecommunications devices, and/or computing devices.
1. A light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor system for a vehicle, the LIDAR system comprising:
a light emitter configured to generate a light signal; and
a phase shifter configured to receive the light signal, wherein the phase shifter includes:
a waveguide configured to receive the light signal;
a substrate layer, wherein the substrate layer includes a cavity configured to thermally isolate the waveguide from the substrate layer;
a plurality of arms configured to hold the waveguide with reference to the substrate layer;
a heating element configured to selectively heat the waveguide to modulate one or more properties of the light signal; and
a plurality of thermally conductive strips configured to disperse heat from the waveguide,
wherein one or more of the plurality of thermally conductive strips extend from the waveguide and a portion of the one or more of the plurality of thermally conductive strips overlaps with at least one of the plurality of arms in a first direction.
2. The LIDAR sensor system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of thermally conductive strips is aligned with the waveguide in a second direction, wherein the at least one of the plurality of thermally conductive strips is held with the waveguide with reference to the substrate layer.
3. The LIDAR sensor system of claim 2 , wherein the at least one of the plurality of thermally conductive strips is separated from the waveguide by a portion of a cladding layer.
4. The LIDAR sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the one or more properties of the light signal include a phase of the light signal or a frequency of the light signal.
5. The LIDAR sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the phase shifter includes a cladding layer that is at least partially coupled to the substrate layer, wherein the waveguide and the plurality of arms are formed in the cladding layer.
6. The LIDAR sensor system of claim 5 , wherein the phase shifter includes a plurality of openings in the cladding layer that separate the plurality of arms from each other.
7. The LIDAR sensor system of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of openings are coupled to the cavity.
8. The LIDAR, sensor system of claim 5 , wherein the phase shifter includes at least one thermally conductive via formed in the cladding layer, wherein the at least one thermally conductive via is coupled to the substrate layer and to at least one of the plurality of thermally conductive strips.
9. The LIDAR, sensor system of claim 5 , wherein the phase shifter includes at least one thermally conductive pad formed on the cladding layer, wherein the at least one thermally conductive pad is coupled to at least one of the plurality of thermally conductive strips.
10. The LIDAR sensor system of claim 9 further comprising:
a heat sink coupled to the at least one thermally conductive pad and configured to disperse heat from the waveguide through the at least one thermally conductive pad.
11. The LIDAR sensor system of claim 1 , wherein the waveguide includes an optical element that includes silicon nitride, wherein the heating element includes titanium nitride, wherein the optical element and the heating element are formed in a cladding layer, wherein the cladding layer includes silicon dioxide.
12. An autonomous vehicle (AV) control system comprising:
a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor system comprising:
a light emitter configured to generate a light signal; and
a phase shifter configured to receive the light signal, wherein the phase shifter includes:
a waveguide configured to receive the light signal;
a substrate layer, wherein the substrate layer includes a cavity configured to thermally isolate the waveguide from the substrate laver;
a plurality of arms configured to hold the waveguide with reference to the substrate layer;
a heating element configured to selectively heat the waveguide to modulate one or more properties of the light signal; and
a plurality of thermally conductive strips configured to disperse heat from the waveguide, wherein one or more of the plurality of thermally conductive strips extend from the waveguide and a portion of the one or more plurality of thermally conductive strips overlaps with at least one of the plurality of arms in a first direction; and
one or more processors coupled to the LIDAR sensor system and configured to at least partially control an AV based on an output from the LIDAR sensor system.
13. The AV control system of claim 12 , wherein at least one of the plurality of thermally conductive strips is aligned with the waveguide in a second direction, wherein the at least one of the plurality of thermally conductive strips is held with the waveguide with reference to the substrate layer.
14. The AV control system of claim 13 , wherein the at least one of the plurality of thermally conductive strips is separated from the waveguide by a portion of a cladding layer.
15. The AV control system of claim 12 , wherein the one or more properties of the light signal include a phase of the light signal or a frequency of the light signal.
16. The AV control system of claim 12 , wherein phase shifter includes a cladding layer that is coupled to the substrate layer, wherein the waveguide and the plurality of arms are formed in the cladding layer.
17. The AV control system of claim 16 , wherein the phase shifter includes a plurality of openings in the cladding layer that separate the plurality of arms from each other.
18. The AV control system of claim 16 , wherein the phase shifter includes at least one thermally conductive via formed in the cladding layer, wherein the at least one thermally conductive via is coupled to the substrate layer and to at least one of the plurality of thermally conductive strips.
19. An autonomous vehicle (AV) comprising:
a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensor system comprising:
a light emitter configured to generate a light signal; and
a phase shifter configured to receive the light signal, wherein the phase shifter includes:
a waveguide configured to receive the light signal;
a substrate layer, wherein the substrate layer includes a cavity configured to thermally isolate the waveguide from the substrate laver;
a plurality of arms configured to hold the waveguide with reference to the substrate layer;
a heating element configured to selectively heat the waveguide to modulate one or more properties of the light signal; and
a plurality of thermally conductive strips configured to disperse heat from the waveguide, wherein one or more of the plurality of thermally conductive strips extend from the waveguide and a portion of the one or more thermally conductive strips overlaps with at least one of the plurality of arms in a particular direction; and
one or more processors coupled to the LIDAR sensor system and configured to at least partially control the AV based on an output from the LIDAR sensor system.
20. The AV of claim 19 , wherein the one or more processors are configured to control a powertrain of the AV based on the output from the LIDAR sensor system.