Data communication with transmission rate adjustment
Aspects of the disclosure are directed to data communication with transmission rate adjustment. As may be implemented in accordance with one or more embodiments herein, such aspects may involve comparing the transmission rate at which packets are communicated from a transmitter, with a reception rate at which the packets are received at a receiver. The transmission rate at which further packets are communicated from the transmitter is adjusted in response to and/or otherwise based on the comparison.
1 . A method comprising:
embedding speed data into packets being communicated from a transmitter, the speed data in each packet including a transmission rate at which the packet is transmitted, and transmitting the packets from the transmitter;
comparing the transmission rate in the embedded speed data for each packet with a reception rate at which the packet is received at a receiver;
in response to the comparison, adjusting the transmission rate at which further ones of the packets are communicated from the transmitter;
wherein adjusting the transmission rate includes setting a target rate and initiating a rate increase in response to the comparison indicating a buffer bloat is below a threshold,
applying the target rate based on a presence of historical targets at which the buffer bloat was moderate;
in response to the presence of historical targets at which buffer bloat was lower than the moderate bloat, and absence of historical targets with the moderate bloat, applying the target rate in response to the target rate being greater than the current rate;
in response to the presence of historical targets having low bloat and the absence of historical targets with moderate bloat, setting the target rate to a maximum allowable rate in response to the target rate not being greater than the current rate; and
in response to the absence of historical targets with low or moderate bloat, setting the target rate to a maximum allowable rate in response to the target rate not being greater than the current rate.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the transmission rate includes carrying out a binary search reduction in response to the comparison indicating the buffer bloat is not below a threshold, using a short-term history to seek a higher bandwidth along a sigmoid curve.
3 . The method of claim 1 further including: transmitting data, from the receiver, based on the comparing; and using the data to adjust the transmission rate at which the further packets are communicated.
4 . The method of claim 3 , wherein transmitting the data from the receiver includes transmitting a control input that causes the transmitter to adjust the transmission rate.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the transmission rate further includes: in response to the target rate being greater than a current transmission rate, approaching the target rate using a recent history sigmoid; in response to the target rate not being greater than the current transmission rate and in response to the current rate being less than a historical maximum rate, approaching the target rate using a historic maximum sigmoid; and in response to the target rate not being greater than the current transmission rate and in response to the current rate not being less than the historical maximum rate, approaching the target rate using a maximum allowable rate sigmoid.
6 . The method of claim 1 , further including transmitting data indicative of the reception rate at the receiver to the transmitter, wherein the steps of comparing the transmission rate with a reception rate and adjusting the transmission rate are carried out at the transmitter.
7 . The method of claim 1 , further including measuring the reception rate at which the packets are received.
8 . The method of claim 1 , further including determining the reception rate based on time elapsed between the receipt of successive packets.
9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the transmission rate includes communicating a message directing the transmitter to reduce the transmission rate in response to the reception rate being lower than the transmission rate.
10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the transmission rate includes detecting the buffer bloat in a communications buffer via which the packets are communicated based on the comparison, and in response thereto, adjusting the rate at which the packets are to be transmitted.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein adjusting the transmission rate includes predicting increases in the buffer bloat based on changes in the reception rate, and in response to the predicting indicating the buffer bloat will exceed a threshold, reducing the transmission rate of the packets.
12 . The method of claim 10 , wherein adjusting the transmission rate includes predicting decreases in the buffer bloat based on changes in the reception rate, and in response to the predicting indicating the buffer bloat will decrease below a threshold, increasing the transmission rate of the packets.
13 . The method of claim 10 , wherein detecting the buffer bloat includes, at the receiver, detecting the reception rate and comparing the detected reception rate with the embedded speed data.
14 . The method of claim 10 , further including transmitting data indicative of the reception rate from the receiver to the transmitter, wherein detecting the buffer bloat includes comparing, at the transmitter, the transmitted data with the transmission rate.
15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein adjusting the transmission rate includes adjusting the transmission rate by a value corresponding to a deviation of the reception rate relative to the transmission rate.
16 . An apparatus comprising:
a transmitter configured to embed speed data into packets communicated therefrom, the embedded speed data including a transmission rate at which the packets are transmitted;
communications circuitry to compare a transmission rate in the embedded speed data for each packet at which the packets are transmitted from the transmitter with a reception rate at which the packets are received at a receiver;
control circuitry to adjust, in response to the comparison, the transmission rate at which further ones of the packets are communicated from the transmitter,
wherein adjusting the transmission rate includes setting a target rate and initiating a rate increase in response to the comparison indicating a buffer bloat is below a threshold,
applying the target rate based on a presence of historical targets at which the buffer bloat was moderate;
in response to the presence of historical targets at which buffer bloat was lower than the moderate bloat, and absence of historical targets with the moderate bloat, applying the target rate in response to the target rate being greater than the current rate;
in response to the presence of historical targets having low bloat and the absence of historical targets with moderate bloat, setting the target rate to a maximum allowable rate in response to the target rate not being greater than the current rate; and
in response to the absence of historical targets with low or moderate bloat, setting the target rate to a maximum allowable rate in response to the target rate not being greater than the current rate.
17 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to adjust the transmission rate by carrying out a binary search reduction in response to the comparison indicating the buffer bloat is not below a threshold, using a short-term history to seek a higher bandwidth along a sigmoid curve.
18 . The apparatus of claim 16 , including the receiver, the receiver being configured to ascertain the reception rate at which the packets are received and to transmit data based on the comparing, wherein the control circuitry is configured and arranged with the transmitter to use the data transmitted by the receiver to adjust the transmission rate at which the further packets are communicated from the transmitter.
19 . The apparatus of claim 18 , wherein the receiver is configured to transmit the data by transmitting a control input that causes the transmitter to adjust the transmission rate.
20 . The apparatus of claim 16 , including the receiver, the receiver being configured to transmit data indicative of the reception rate to the transmitter, the transmitter including the communications circuitry and the control circuitry, and the transmitter being configured to: compare the transmission rate with the data indicative of the reception rate; and adjust the transmission rate in response to the comparison.
21 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to adjust the transmission rate by communicating a message directing the transmitter to reduce the transmission rate in response to the reception rate being lower than the transmission rate.
22 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to detect the buffer bloat in a communications buffer via which the packets are communicated based on the comparison, and in response thereto, adjust the rate at which the transmitter transmits packets.
23 . The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to: predict increases in the buffer bloat based on changes in the reception rate; and in response to the predicting indicating the buffer bloat will exceed a threshold, reduce the transmission rate of the packets.
24 . The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to: predict decreases in the buffer bloat based on changes in the reception rate; and in response to the predicting indicating the buffer bloat will decrease below a threshold, increase the transmission rate of the packets.
25 . The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to detect the buffer bloat by, at the receiver, detecting the reception rate and comparing the detected reception rate with the embedded speed data.
26 . The apparatus of claim 22 , further including the receiver, the receiver being configured to transmit data indicative of the reception rate to the transmitter, wherein the control circuitry is in the transmitter and configured to detect the buffer bloat by comparing the transmitted data with the transmission rate indicated by the data indicative of the reception rate as received at the transmitter.
27 . The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the control circuitry is configured to adjust the transmission rate by a value corresponding to a deviation of the reception rate relative to the transmission rate.
28 . The apparatus of claim 16 , further including the transmitter, the transmitter including at least a portion of circuitry selected from the group of the communications circuitry, the control circuitry, and a combination thereof.
29 . The apparatus of claim 28 , further including the receiver, the receiver including at least a portion of circuitry selected from the group of the communications circuitry, the control circuitry, and a combination thereof.
30 . The apparatus of claim 16 , further including the receiver, the receiver including at least a portion of circuitry selected from the group of the communications circuitry, the control circuitry, and a combination thereof.