Control of electric field effects in a printed circuit board assembly using embedded nickel-metal composite materials
A printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) controls an electrically initiated device (EID) in an electric field. The PCBA includes a conductive layer, a dielectric layer, and a trans-conductive layer (TCL). The conductive layer of the PCBA designated protected areas. An electrical current with a predetermined current density is impressed in the conductive layer when the PCBA is in the electric field. The TCL is a nickel-metal composite metamaterial positioned between the conductive and dielectric layers and configured to change in shape or thickness in the electric field such that the impressed current is steered away from the conductive layer and into the dielectric layer to prevent premature activation of the EID. A system includes an outer housing, power supply, an EID such as a sonobuoy or medical device, and the PCBA, all of which are encapsulated in the housing. A method is also disclosed for manufacturing the PCBA.
1. A printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) device, comprising:
a first conductive layer;
a first dielectric layer attached to the first conductive layer;
a second conductive layer attached to the first dielectric layer, wherein an electrical current is impressed on the second conductive layer when the PCBA is exposed to an externally generated electric field exterior to the PCBA;
a trans-conductor layer (TCL) attached to the second conductive layer and including a plurality of TCL islands of a nickel-metal composite metamaterial, each of the TCL islands having a distinct shape providing a respective impedance value in response to a variation in an intensity and/or a wavelength of the externally generated electric field;
a second dielectric layer attached to the TCL such that the TCL is positioned between the second dielectric layer and the second conductive layer; and
a pre-pregnated layer, wherein the first dielectric layer is mounted to an inside surface of the first conductive layer, the pre-pregnated layer is mounted to an inside surface of the first dielectric layer, the second conductive layer is mounted to an inside surface of the pre-pregnated layer, the TCL is mounted to an inside surface of the second conductive layer, and the second dielectric layer is mounted to an inside surface of the TCL,
wherein the TCL has a surface roughness configured to change in response to an energy level of the externally generated electric field to thereby change an effective permittivity of the second dielectric layer and thereby direct the impressed electrical current away from the second conductive layer.
2. The PCBA device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of TCL islands includes a first TCL island spaced from a second TCL island, the first TCL island having a first irregular shape, and the second TCL island having a second irregular shape distinct from the first irregular shape of the first TCL island.
3. The PCBA device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of TCL islands includes a first TCL island spaced from a second TCL island, the first TCL island having a first size, and the second TCL island having a second size distinct from the first size of the first TCL island.
4. The PCBA device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of TCL islands includes a first TCL island spaced from a second TCL island, the first TCL island having a first surface area, and the second TCL island having a second surface area distinct from the first surface area of the first TCL island.
5. The PCBA device of claim 1 , wherein the nickel-metal composite metamaterial of the TCL includes a nickel-phosphorus metamaterial and/or a nickel-chromium metamaterial.
6. The PCBA device of claim 1 , wherein a nickel content of the nickel-metal composite metamaterial of the TCL is between about 10% and about 45% by weight of the TCL.
7. The PCBA device of claim 1 , wherein the first and second conductive layers each includes a metallic foil sheet.
8. The PCBA device of claim 1 , wherein the pre-pregnated layer includes an uncured resin-treated glass and/or ceramic material.
9. The PCBA device of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of circuit components located on one or both of the first and second conductive layers.
10. The PCBA device of claim 1 , characterized by an absence of an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shield and a Faraday cage mounted to the PCBA.
11. The PCBA device of claim 1 , further comprising a third conductive layer attached to the second dielectric layer.
12. The PCBA device of claim 1 , further comprising a via electrically connecting the first and second conductive layers.
13. A method for assembling a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) device, the method comprising:
attaching a first dielectric layer to a first conductive layer;
attaching a second conductive layer to the first dielectric layer, wherein an electrical current is impressed on the second conductive layer when the PCBA is exposed to an externally generated electric field exterior to the PCBA;
attaching a trans-conductor layer (TCL) to the second conductive layer, the TCL including a plurality of TCL islands of a nickel-metal composite metamaterial, each of the TCL islands having a distinct shape providing a respective impedance value in response to a variation in an intensity and/or a wavelength of the externally generated electric field;
attaching a second dielectric layer to the TCL such that the TCL is positioned between the second dielectric layer and the second conductive layer; and
attaching a pre-pregnated layer to an inside surface of the first dielectric layer, wherein the first dielectric layer is attached to an inside surface of the first conductive layer, the second conductive layer is attached to an inside surface of the pre-pregnated layer, the TCL is attached to an inside surface of the second conductive layer, and the second dielectric layer is attached to an inside surface of the TCL,
wherein the TCL has a surface roughness configured to change in response to an energy level of the externally generated electric field to thereby change an effective permittivity of the second dielectric layer and thereby direct the impressed electrical current away from the second conductive layer.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the plurality of TCL islands includes a first TCL island spaced from a second TCL island, the first TCL island having a first irregular shape, and the second TCL island having a second irregular shape distinct from the first irregular shape of the first TCL island.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the nickel-metal composite metamaterial of the TCL includes a nickel-phosphorus metamaterial and/or a nickel-chromium metamaterial.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein a nickel content of the nickel-metal composite metamaterial of the TCL is between about 10% and about 45% by weight of the TCL.
17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first and second dielectric layers each includes an epoxy-resin fiberglass or a glass-reinforced epoxy laminate.
18. The method of claim 13 , wherein the first and second conductive layers each includes a metallic foil sheet.
19. The method of claim 13 , wherein the pre-pregnated layer includes an uncured resin-treated glass and/or a ceramic material.
20. The method of claim 13 , further comprising attaching a third conductive layer to the second dielectric layer.