Accurate reduced gate-drive current limiter
Circuits and methods that limit current through power FETs of power converter to reduce damaging current in-rush events, independent of switching frequency, device mismatches, and PVT variations. Embodiments utilize a closed-loop feedback circuit and/or a calibrated compensation circuit to regulate, substantially independent of frequency, the control voltage V GATE applied to a power FET gate. In a reduced gate-drive mode, connecting a feedback or compensation circuit to the gate of an LDO source-follower FET allows the gate voltage to be regulated to control the LDO output voltage to a final inverter coupled to the gate of a power FET so that V GATE is adjusted to provide a reduced gate-drive to the power FET; connecting to the output of the LDO allows the LDO output voltage to the final inverter to be directly regulated to adjust V GATE ; connecting to the gate of the power FET allows V GATE to be directly set.
1. A gate control circuit for regulating a gate-drive voltage to a gate of a power FET, including:
(a) a source-follower circuit including a source-follower FET having a conduction channel configured to be coupled to the gate of the power FET, the gate control circuit configured to selectively apply at least a first gate-drive voltage or a second gate-drive voltage to the gate of the power FET such that a current flow through the power FET in an ON state is limited when the second gate-drive voltage is applied; and
(b) a feedback circuit coupled to a gate of the source-follower FET and configured to generate a feedback signal as a function of the current flow through the power FET and to regulate the second gate-drive voltage as a function of the generated feedback signal.
2. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the second gate-drive voltage is substantially independent of frequency.
3. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the power FET is a component of a power converter, and the gate control circuit applies the second gate-drive voltage to the gate of the power FET during a dynamic re-configuration of a conversion ratio of the power converter.
4. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the power FET is a component of a power converter, and the gate control circuit applies the second gate-drive voltage to the gate of the power FET during a startup period of the power converter.
5. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the power FET is a component of a power converter, and the gate control circuit applies the second gate-drive voltage to the gate of the power FET during a charge re-balancing event among two or more capacitors within the power converter.
6. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the feedback circuit includes:
(a) a current to voltage converter configured to output a voltage proportional to the current flow through the power FET;
(b) a filter having an input coupled to the output of the current to voltage converter, and an output;
(c) an amplifier coupled to the output of the filter and to a reference voltage, the amplifier configured to output the feedback current.
7. The invention of claim 1 , the source-follower circuit further includes:
(a) a current source coupled between a voltage source and a gate of the source-follower FET;
(b) a voltage regulator coupled to the gate of the source-follower FET and configured to provide a voltage; and
(c) a voltage control circuit coupled to the gate of the source-follower FET and including a first selectable configuration disconnected from the gate of the source-follower FET, and a second selectable configuration coupled to the gate of the source-follower FET, wherein the voltage at the gate of the source-follower FET when the voltage control circuit is in the first selectable configuration is higher than in the second selectable configuration.
8. The invention of claim 7 , wherein the voltage control circuit includes:
(a) a switch;
(b) a first diode-connected FET; and
(c) at least one additional diode-connected FET;
wherein the switch, the first diode-connected FET, and the at least one additional diode-connected FET are coupled in series between the gate of the source-follower FET and a reference potential.
9. The invention of claim 7 , wherein the voltage regulator is a Zener diode.
10. A gate control circuit for controlling the ON resistance, R ON , of a power FET in a power converter, including:
(a) a source-follower circuit including a source-follower FET having a conduction channel configured to be coupled to the gate of the power FET, the gate control circuit configured to lower the R ON of the power FET in a first ON state during normal power converter operation and to raise the R ON of the power FET in a second ON state to restrict flow of current through the power FET; and
(b) a feedback circuit coupled to a gate of the source-follower FET and configured to generate a feedback current proportional to a current flow through the power FET and to regulate the R ON of the power FET in the second ON state in proportion to the generated feedback current to provide a reduced gate-drive to the power FET.
11. The invention of claim 10 , wherein the reduced gate-drive to the power FET is substantially independent of frequency.
12. The invention of claim 10 , wherein the gate control circuit raises the R ON of the power FET in the second ON state during a re-configuration of a conversion ratio of the power converter.
13. The invention of claim 10 , wherein the gate control circuit raises the R ON of the power FET in the second ON state during a startup period of the power converter.
14. The invention of claim 10 , wherein the gate control circuit raises the R ON of the power FET in the second ON state during a charge re-balancing event among two or more capacitors within the power converter.
15. The invention of claim 10 , wherein the feedback circuit includes:
(a) a current to voltage converter configured to output a voltage proportional to the current flow through the power FET;
(b) a filter having an input coupled to the output of the current to voltage converter, and an output;
(c) an amplifier coupled to the output of the filter and to a reference voltage, the amplifier configured to output the feedback current.
16. The invention of claim 10 , wherein and the source-follower circuit further includes:
(a) a current source coupled between a voltage source and a gate of the source-follower FET;
(b) a voltage regulator coupled to the gate of the source-follower FET and configured to provide a voltage; and
(c) a voltage control circuit coupled to the gate of the source-follower FET and including a first selectable configuration disconnected from the gate of the source-follower FET, and a second selectable configuration coupled to the gate of the source-follower FET, wherein the voltage at the gate of the source-follower FET when the voltage control circuit is in the first selectable configuration is higher than in the second selectable configuration.
17. The invention of claim 16 , wherein the voltage control circuit includes:
(a) a switch;
(b) a first diode-connected FET; and
(c) at least one additional diode-connected FET;
wherein the switch, the first diode-connected FET, and the at least one additional diode-connected FET are coupled in series between the gate of the source-follower FET and a reference potential.
18. The invention of claim 16 , wherein the voltage regulator is a Zener diode.