Reduced gate drive for power converter with dynamically switching ratio
Circuits and methods for selectable conversion ratio power converters that include low-dropout (LDO) power supplies adapted to select voltage inputs based on the selected conversion ratio while achieving high efficiency. The LDO power supplies limit current through power FETs of power converters, thereby mitigating or eliminating potentially damaging events. In some embodiments, first and second full gate-drive LDOs have “wired-OR” outputs which may power a target circuit such as a pre-driver (and optionally, a level-shifter) coupled to the gate of a power FET. In some embodiments, first and second reduced gate-drive LDOs have “wired-OR” outputs that may power a final driver coupled to the gate of a power FET. Some embodiments have dual full gate-drive LDOs that power a target circuit such as a pre-driver (and optionally, a level-shifter), while dual reduced gate-drive LDOs that power a final driver coupled to the gate of the power FET.
1. A dual low-dropout circuit configuration for regulating current flow through a power FET having a gate, including:
(a) a driver circuit having a voltage input node for powering the driver circuit, an input for receiving a drive signal, and an output coupled to the gate of the power FET, the driver circuit configured to control current flow through the power FET;
(b) a first low-dropout circuit for regulating current flow through the power FET, the first low-dropout circuit including a first FET circuit having a control gate and configured to be coupled between a first voltage source and the voltage input node of the driver circuit, the first low-dropout circuit configured to selectively apply at least a first voltage or a lower second voltage to the voltage input node such that current flow through the power FET in an ON state is higher when the first voltage is applied and lower when the lower second voltage is applied;
(c) a first voltage control circuit including a switch, a diode-connected FET, and at least one additional diode-connected FET coupled in series between a reference potential and the control gate of the first FET circuit;
(d) a second low-dropout circuit for regulating current flow through the power FET, the second low-dropout circuit including a second FET circuit having a control gate and configured to be coupled between a second voltage source and the same voltage input node of the driver circuit, the second low-dropout circuit configured to selectively apply at least a third voltage or a lower fourth voltage to the same voltage input node such that current flow through the power FET in an ON state is higher when the third voltage is applied and lower when the lower fourth voltage is applied; and
(e) a second voltage control circuit including a switch, a diode-connected FET, and at least one additional diode-connected FET coupled in series between the reference potential and the control gate of the second FET circuit.
2. The invention of claim 1 , wherein the lower second voltage and the lower fourth voltage are applied to restrict flow of excess current through the power FET.
3. The invention of claim 1 , further including a pull-up FET having (1) a conduction channel coupled between the first voltage source and the control gate of the first FET circuit, and (2) a gate coupled to the control gate of the first FET circuit.
4. The invention of claim 1 , further including a discharge FET having (1) a conduction channel coupled between the control gate of the first FET circuit and a reference potential, and (2) a gate coupled to a control signal, wherein when the control signal is asserted, the discharge FET discharges the control gate of the first FET circuit.
5. The invention of claim 1 , further including:
(a) a pull-up FET having (1) a conduction channel coupled between the first voltage source and the control gate of the first FET circuit, and (2) a gate coupled to the control gate of the first FET circuit; and
(b) a discharge FET having (1) a conduction channel coupled between the control gate of the first FET circuit and a reference potential, and (2) a gate coupled to a control signal, wherein when the control signal is asserted, the discharge FET discharges the control gate of the first FET circuit.
6. A low-dropout circuit configuration configured to be coupled to a first voltage input node of a pre-driver circuit and to a second voltage input node of a driver circuit for a power FET having a gate, the low-dropout circuit configuration including:
(a) a first full-drive low-dropout circuit including a first FET circuit configured to be coupled between a first voltage source and the first voltage input node of the pre-driver circuit, the first full-drive low-dropout circuit configured to selectively apply a first voltage to the first voltage input node of the pre-driver circuit; and
(b) a second full-drive low-dropout circuit including a second FET circuit configured to be coupled between a second voltage source and the first voltage input node of the pre-driver circuit, the second full-drive low-dropout circuit configured to selectively apply a second voltage to the first voltage input node of the pre-driver circuit;
(c) a first reduced-drive low-dropout circuit for regulating current flow through the power FET, the first reduced-drive low-dropout circuit including a third FET circuit configured to be coupled between a third voltage source and the second voltage input node of the driver circuit, the first reduced-drive low-dropout circuit configured to selectively apply at least a third voltage or a lower fourth voltage to the second voltage input node such that current flow through the power FET in an ON state is higher when the third voltage is applied and lower when the lower fourth voltage is applied; and
(d) a second reduced-drive low-dropout circuit for regulating current flow through the power FET, the second reduced-drive low-dropout circuit including a fourth FET circuit configured to be coupled between a fourth voltage source and the second voltage input node of the driver circuit, the second reduced-drive low-dropout circuit configured to selectively apply at least a fifth voltage or a lower sixth voltage to the second voltage input node such that current flow through the power FET in an ON state is higher when the fifth voltage is applied and lower when the lower sixth voltage is applied.
7. The invention of claim 6 , wherein the first voltage source is different from the second voltage source.
8. The invention of claim 6 , wherein the third voltage source is different from the fourth voltage source.
9. The invention of claim 6 , wherein the lower fourth voltage and the lower sixth voltage are applied to restrict flow of excess current through the power FET.
10. The invention of claim 6 , wherein the first FET circuit or the third FET circuit of at least one of the first full-drive low-dropout circuit or the first reduced-drive low-dropout circuit includes a FET having a gate, further including a pull-up FET having (1) a conduction channel coupled between (a) the respective first voltage source or third voltage source and (b) the gate of the FET, and (2) a gate coupled to the gate of the FET.
11. The invention of claim 6 , wherein the first FET circuit or the third FET circuit of at least one of the first full-drive low-dropout circuit or the first reduced-drive low-dropout circuit includes a FET having a gate, further including a discharge FET having (1) a conduction channel coupled between the gate of the FET and a reference potential, and (2) a gate coupled to a control signal, wherein when the control signal is asserted, the discharge FET discharges the gate of the FET.
12. The invention of claim 6 , wherein the first FET circuit or the third FET circuit of at least one of the first full-drive low-dropout circuit or the first reduced-drive low-dropout circuit includes a FET having a gate, further including:
(a) a pull-up FET having (1) a conduction channel coupled between (a) the respective first voltage source or third voltage source and (b) the gate of the FET, and (2) a gate coupled to the gate of the FET; and
(b) a discharge FET having (1) a conduction channel coupled between the gate of the FET and a reference potential, and (2) a gate coupled to a control signal, wherein when the control signal is asserted, the discharge FET discharges the gate of the FET.
13. The invention of claim 6 , wherein the first reduced-drive low-dropout circuit and the second reduced-drive low-dropout circuit each include a voltage control circuit, wherein each voltage control circuit includes:
(a) a switch;
(b) a first diode-connected FET; and
(c) at least one additional diode-connected FET;
wherein the switch, the first diode-connected FET, and the at least one additional diode-connected FET are coupled in series between a reference potential and the respective first or second FET circuit.