Lithium anode device stack manufacturing
Metal electrodes, more specifically lithium-containing anodes, high performance electrochemical devices, such as secondary batteries, including the aforementioned lithium-containing electrodes, and methods for fabricating the same are provided. In one or more embodiments, an anode electrode structure is provided and includes a current collector comprising copper, a lithium metal film formed on the current collector, a copper film formed on the lithium metal film, and a protective film formed on the copper film. The protective film is a lithium-ion conducting film can include lithium-ion conducting ceramic, a lithium-ion conducting glass, or ion conducting liquid crystal.
1. An anode electrode structure, comprising:
a current collector comprising copper;
a lithium metal film formed on the current collector;
a metal film formed on the lithium metal film and in direct contact with the current collector; and
a protective film formed on the metal film,
wherein the protective film is a lithium-ion conducting film comprising lithium-ion conducting ceramic, lithium-ion conducting glass, lithium-ion conducting polymer, lithium- ion conducting liquid crystal, or combinations thereof, and
wherein the metal film is selected from a copper film, a bismuth film, or combinations thereof.
2. The anode electrode structure of claim 1 , wherein the metal film has a thickness in a range from about 5 nanometers to about 40 nanometers.
3. The anode electrode structure of claim 2 , wherein the metal film comprises copper and has a thickness in a range from about 10 nanometers to about 20 nanometers.
4. The anode electrode structure of claim 2 , wherein the lithium-ion conducting film comprises one or more of aluminum oxide, LiPON, Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO), Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , Li 3 PS 4 , (1-x)LiI-(x)Li 4 SnS 4 , (x)LiI-(1-x)Li 4 SnS 4 , (1-x)LiI-(x)Li 4 SnS 4 , (x)LiI-(1-x)Li 4 SnS 4 ), wherein 0<x<1.
5. The anode electrode structure of claim 2 , wherein the lithium metal film has a thickness in a range from about 1 micrometer to about 20 micrometers.
6. The anode electrode structure of claim 5 , wherein the current collector has a thickness in a range from about 2 micrometers to about 8 micrometers.
7. The anode electrode structure of claim 1 , wherein the current collector comprises:
a first nickel or chromium containing film;
a second copper film formed on the first nickel or chromium containing film and having a thickness in a range from about 50 nanometers to about 500 nanometers; and
a second nickel or chromium containing film formed on the second copper film and having a thickness in a range from about 20 nanometers to about 50 nanometers.
8. The anode electrode structure of claim 1 , wherein the current collector comprises:
a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer substrate; and
a second copper film formed on the PET polymer substrate.
9. An anode electrode structure, comprising:
a current collector comprising copper;
a lithium metal film formed on the current collector;
a copper film formed on the lithium metal film and in direct contact with the current collector; and
a protective film formed on the copper film,
wherein the protective film is a lithium-ion conducting film comprising lithium-ion conducting ceramic, lithium-ion conducting glass, lithium-ion conducting polymer, lithium- ion conducting liquid crystal, or combinations thereof.
10. The anode electrode structure of claim 9 , wherein the copper film has a thickness in a range from about 5 nanometers to about 40 nanometers.
11. The anode electrode structure of claim 9 , wherein the copper film has a thickness in a range from about 10 nanometers to about 20 nanometers.
12. The anode electrode structure of claim 9 , wherein the lithium-ion conducting film comprises one or more of aluminum oxide, LiPON, Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO), Li 2 S—P 2 S 5 , Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , Li 3 PS 4 , (1-x)LiI-(x)Li 4 SnS 4 , (x)LiI-(1-x)Li 4 SnS 4 , (1-x)LiI— (x)Li 4 SnS 4 , (x)LiI-(1-x)Li 4 SnS 4 ), wherein 0<x<1.
13. The anode electrode structure of claim 9 , wherein the lithium metal film has a thickness in a range from about 1 micrometer to about 20 micrometers.
14. The anode electrode structure of claim 9 , wherein the current collector has a thickness in a range from about 2 micrometers to about 8 micrometers.
15. The anode electrode structure of claim 1 , wherein the metal film is a bismuth film.
16. An anode electrode structure, comprising:
a current collector comprising copper;
a lithium metal film formed on the current collector;
a copper film formed on the lithium metal film, in direct contact with the current collector, and having a thickness in a range from about 5 nanometers to about 40 nanometers; and
a protective film formed on the copper film;
wherein the protective film is a lithium-ion conducting film comprising lithium-ion conducting ceramic, lithium-ion conducting glass, lithium-ion conducting polymer, lithium- ion conducting liquid crystal, or combinations thereof; and
wherein the lithium-ion conducting film comprises one or more of aluminum oxide, LiPON, Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO), Li 2 S-P 2 S 5 , Li 10 GeP 2 S 12 , Li 3 PS 4 , (1-x)LiI-(x)Li 4 SnS 4 , (x)LiI- (1-x)Li 4 SnS 4 , (1-x)LiI-(x)Li 4 SnS 4 , (x)LiI-(1-x)Li 4 SnS 4 ), wherein 0<x<1.
17. The anode electrode structure of claim 16 , wherein the copper film has a thickness in a range from about 10 nanometers to about 20 nanometers.
18. The anode electrode structure of claim 16 , wherein the lithium-ion conducting film comprises one or more of (1-x)LiI-(x)Li 4 SnS 4 , (x)LiI-(1-x)Li 4 SnS 4 , (1-x)LiI-(x)Li 4 SnS 4 , (x)LiI-(1-x)Li 4 SnS 4 ), wherein 0<x<1.
19. The anode electrode structure of claim 16 , wherein the lithium metal film has a thickness in a range from about 1 micrometer to about 20 micrometers.
20. The anode electrode structure of claim 16 , wherein the current collector has a thickness in a range from about 2 micrometers to about 8 micrometers.