ADVANCED ELECTROLYTES FOR HIGH TEMERATURE ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE
Disclosed herein is a method for using a high temperature rechargeable energy storage device comprising (a) obtaining an HTRESD; and (b) at least one of (1) cycling the HTRESD by alternatively charging and discharging the HTRESD at least twice over a duration of 20 hours and (2) maintaining a voltage across the HTRESD for 20 hours, such that the HTRESD exhibits a peak power density between 0.005 W/liter and 75 kW/liter after 20 hours when operated at an ambient temperature in an operating temperature range comprising between about −40° C. and about 210° C.
1 . A method for using a high temperature rechargeable energy storage device comprising: (a) obtaining an HTRESD; and (b) at least one of (1) cycling the HTRESD by alternatively charging and discharging the HTRESD at least twice over a duration of 20 hours and (2) maintaining a voltage across the HTRESD for 20 hours, such that the HTRESD exhibits a peak power density between 0.005 W/liter and 75 kW/liter after 20 hours when operated at an ambient temperature in an operating temperature range comprising between about −40° C. and about 210° C.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the operating temperature range comprises between about −40° C. and about 225° C.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the operating temperature range comprises between about −40° C. and about 250° C.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the HTRESD exhibits an initial peak power density that is between about 0.01 W/liter and about 10 kW/liter.
5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the HTRESD exhibits an initial peak power density that is between about 0.01 W/liter and about 5 kW/liter.
6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the HTRESD exhibits an initial peak power density that is between about 0.01 W/liter and about 2 kW/liter.
7 . A method for using a high temperature rechargeable energy storage device (HTRES) comprising:
(a) obtaining an HTRES comprising an ultracapacitor; and
(b) maintaining a voltage across the ultracapacitor, such that the ultracapacitor will exhibit a peak power density of between about 0.005 W/liter and about 75 kW/liter after 20 hours when operated at an ambient temperature in an operating temperature range comprising between about −40° C. and about 210° C.
8 . The method of claim 7 , wherein the operating temperature range comprises between about −40° C. and about 225° C.
9 . The method of claim 8 , wherein the operating temperature range comprises between about −40° C. and about 250° C.
10 . A method for using an ultracapacitor comprising:
(a) obtaining an ultracapacitor; and
(b) charging and discharging the ultracapacitor at least twice to provide for an initial combination of peak power and energy densities in a range from about 0.1 Wh-kW/liter to about 100 Wh-kW/liter, wherein said combination is mathematically a product of the peak power density and the energy density of the ultracapacitor; and wherein the ultracapacitor exhibits a durability period of at least 20 hours when exposed to an ambient temperature in an operational temperature range comprising between about −40° C. and about 210° C., wherein the durability is indicated by a decrease in peak power density of no more than about 50 percent over the period.
11 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the operating temperature range comprises between about −40° C. and about 225° C.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the operating temperature range comprises between about −40° C. and about 250° C.
13 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the ultracapacitor exhibits a capacitance decrease less than about 60 percent while held at a constant voltage for at least 20 hours.
14 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the ultracapacitor exhibits an ESR increase less than about 300 percent while held at a constant voltage for at least 20 hours.
15 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the ultracapacitor exhibits a time before failure of at least 100 hours operating at a temperature of about 200 degrees Celsius of greater, wherein a failure condition is a decrease of capacitance of 50% or greater or an increase in ESR of 50% or greater.
16 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the ultracapacitor exhibits a time before failure of at least 600 hours operating at a temperature of about 200 degrees Celsius of greater, wherein a failure condition is a decrease of capacitance of 50% or greater or an increase in ESR of 50% or greater.
17 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the ultracapacitor exhibits a decrease of capacitance of 10%> or less and an increase in ESR of 20%> or less during operation for at least 500 hours at a temperature of at least 200 degrees Celsius and an operating voltage of 0.5 V or more.
18 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the ultracapacitor is characterized by a decrease of capacitance of 10%> or less and an increase in ESR of 10%> or less during operation for at least 1000 hours at a temperature of at least 200 degrees Celsius and an operating voltage of 0.5 V or more.
19 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the ultracapacitor exhibits a decrease of capacitance of 20%> or less and an increase in ESR of 20%> or less during operation for at least 1500 hours at a temperature of at least 200 degrees Celsius and an operating voltage of 0.5 V or more.
20 . The method of claim 10 , wherein the ultracapacitor exhibits a decrease of capacitance of 25% or less and an increase in ESR of 40% or less during operation for at least 2000 hours at a temperature of at least 200 degrees Celsius and an operating voltage of 0.5 V or more.