System architecture for safety applications
Control systems for industrial machinery (e.g., robots) or other devices such as medical devices utilize a safety processor (SP) designed for integration into safety applications and computational components that are not necessarily safety-rated. The SP monitors performance of the non-safety computational components, including latency checks and verification of identical outputs. One or more sensors send data to the non-safety computational components for sophisticated processing and analysis that the SP cannot not perform, but the results of this processing are sent to the SP, which then generates safety-rated signals to the machinery or device being controlled by the SP. As a result, the system may qualify for a safety rating despite the ability to perform complex operations beyond the scope of safety-rated components.
1. A control system comprising:
a sensor configured to produce a sensor output;
a non-safety computation module including a processor responsive to the sensor output and executing a safety analysis, the non-safety computation module producing control signals in response to detection of a safety condition by the safety analysis; and
a safety processor configured to receive the control signals from the computation module and generate therefrom safety-rated signals for controlling a device,
wherein the safety processor is further configured to monitor performance of the computation module including latency checks and verification of identical outputs.
2. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the safety processor is further configured to monitor intermediate results or data structures and error-correcting codes thereof.
3. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the safety analysis includes execution of an algorithm with non-deterministic or varying run times.
4. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the sensor is a 3D time-of-flight camera.
5. The control system of claim 4 , wherein the computation module is configured to perform image capture from the time-of-flight camera data, identification, and classification in real time with low latency.
6. The control system of claim 4 , wherein the computation module is configured to analyze occupancy and occlusion of a monitored space by:
generating a three-dimensional representation of the monitored space as a plurality of volumes;
for each sensor pixel having an intensity level above a threshold value, preliminarily marking as unoccupied volumes intercepted by a line-of-sight ray path through the pixel and terminating at an estimated distance from the sensor of an occlusion, marking as occupied the volumes corresponding to a terminus of the ray path, and marking as unknown any volumes beyond the occlusion along the ray path;
for each sensor pixel having an intensity level below the threshold value, preliminarily marking as unknown all voxels intercepted by a line-of-sight ray path through the pixel and terminating at a boundary of the monitored space; and
finally marking as unoccupied volumes that have been preliminarily marked at least once as unoccupied.
7. The control system of claim 4 , wherein the computation module is configured to evaluate safety conditions in a monitored space by:
generating a three-dimensional representation of the monitored space as a plurality of volumes; and
generating a volumetric representation of all points reachable by movable machinery in the monitored space within a specified time period.
8. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the device is at least one robot.
9. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the computation module is a dual-processor computation module.
10. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the computation module is configured to generate a 3D representation of a workcell monitored by the sensor.
11. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the safety analysis comprises speed and separation monitoring in accordance with at least one of ISO/TS 15066 or ISO 10218-2.
12. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the safety analysis comprises protective separation distance monitoring in accordance with at least one of ISO/TS 15066 or ISO 10218-2.
13. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the computation module is configured to receive latency tags issued by the safety processor.
14. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the safety processor is configured to generate and transmit latency tags to the sensor for return to the computation module with sensor outputs.
15. The control system of claim 14 , wherein the safety processor is configured to receive and analyze latency tags returned by the computation module to determine whether a duration associated with processing by the computation module exceeds a predetermined maximum interval.
16. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the safety processor is configured to receive and analyze intermediate values returned by the computation module to determine whether a processing error by the computation module has occurred.
17. A control system comprising:
a sensor configured to produce a sensor output;
a non-safety computation module including a processor responsive to the sensor output and executing a safety analysis, the non-safety computation module producing control signals in response to detection of a safety condition by the safety analysis; and
a safety processor configured to receive the control signals from the computation module and generate therefrom safety-rated signals for controlling a device,
wherein the computation module is configured to receive latency tags issued by the safety processor.
18. The control system of claim 17 , wherein the safety processor is further configured to monitor intermediate results or data structures and error-correcting codes thereof.
19. The control system of claim 17 , wherein the safety analysis includes execution of an algorithm with non-deterministic or varying run times.
20. The control system of claim 17 , wherein the sensor is a 3D time-of-flight camera.
21. The control system of claim 20 , wherein the computation module is configured to perform image capture from the time-of-flight camera data, identification, and classification in real time with low latency.
22. The control system of claim 20 , wherein the computation module is configured to analyze occupancy and occlusion of a monitored space by:
generating a three-dimensional representation of the monitored space as a plurality of volumes;
for each sensor pixel having an intensity level above a threshold value, preliminarily marking as unoccupied volumes intercepted by a line-of-sight ray path through the pixel and terminating at an estimated distance from the sensor of an occlusion, marking as occupied the volumes corresponding to a terminus of the ray path, and marking as unknown any volumes beyond the occlusion along the ray path;
for each sensor pixel having an intensity level below the threshold value, preliminarily marking as unknown all voxels intercepted by a line-of-sight ray path through the pixel and terminating at a boundary of the monitored space; and
finally marking as unoccupied volumes that have been preliminarily marked at least once as unoccupied.
23. The control system of claim 20 , wherein the computation module is configured to evaluate safety conditions in a monitored space by:
generating a three-dimensional representation of the monitored space as a plurality of volumes; and
generating a volumetric representation of all points reachable by movable machinery in the workspace within a specified time period.
24. The control system of claim 17 , wherein the device is at least one robot.
25. The control system of claim 17 , wherein the computation module is a dual-processor computation module.
26. The control system of claim 17 , wherein the computation module is configured to generate a 3D representation of a workcell monitored by the sensor.
27. The control system of claim 17 , wherein the safety analysis comprises speed and separation monitoring in accordance with at least one of ISO/TS 15066 or ISO 10218-2.
28. The control system of claim 17 , wherein the safety analysis comprises protective separation distance monitoring in accordance with at least one of ISO/TS 15066 or ISO 10218-2.
29. The control system of claim 17 , wherein the safety processor is configured to generate and transmit latency tags to the sensor for return to the computation module with sensor outputs.
30. The control system of claim 29 , wherein the safety processor is configured to receive and analyze latency tags returned by the computation module to determine whether a duration associated with processing by the computation module exceeds a predetermined maximum interval.
31. The control system of claim 17 , wherein the safety processor is configured to receive and analyze intermediate values returned by the computation module to determine whether a processing error by the computation module has occurred.