Beamforming codebook synthesis in a wireless communications system (WCS)
Beamforming codebook synthesis in a wireless communications system (WCS) is provided. A wireless node simultaneously emits multiple reference beams in a coverage area based on a set of codewords that is optimized for a specific number of antenna elements in an antenna array. The wireless node may need to emit the reference beams using a different number of the antenna elements in the antenna array. Herein, the wireless node is configured to determine a different set(s) of codewords that is fine tuned for forming an identical number of the reference beams from a different number of the antenna elements and steered toward identical directions. In addition, the wireless node can dynamically select an appropriate set of codewords in response to different operating conditions. As such, it is possible to switch transparently, from both wireless node and end user perspectives, between different antenna array configurations under different operating conditions.
1. A wireless node, comprising:
an antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements and configured to emit a predetermined number of radio frequency (RF) beams in a coverage area; and
a codeword synthesis circuit configured to:
partition the coverage area into a plurality of coverage clusters each configured to receive a respective one of the predetermined number of RF beams;
determine at least one synthesized codebook among a plurality of beamforming codebooks that includes a plurality of synthesized codewords for forming the predetermined number of RF beams, respectively, using a selected number of the plurality of antenna elements;
determine an optimized codebook among the plurality of beamforming codebooks that includes a plurality of optimized codewords for forming the predetermined number of RF beams, respectively, using an optimized number of the plurality of antenna elements; and
optimize each of the plurality of synthesized codewords in the at least one synthesized codebook based on a respective one of the plurality of optimized codewords in the optimized codebook.
2. The wireless node of claim 1 , wherein the codeword synthesis circuit is further configured to execute a predefined partitioning algorithm to partition the coverage area into the plurality of coverage clusters.
3. The wireless node of claim 1 , wherein the codeword synthesis circuit is further configured to receive a predefined partitioning map and partition the coverage area into the plurality of coverage clusters based on the predefined partitioning map.
4. The wireless node of claim 1 , further comprising:
a memory circuit configured to store the at least one synthesized codebook and the optimized codebook; and
a beamformer circuit configured to:
dynamically select one of the at least one synthesized codebook and the optimized codebook;
process an RF signal based on the selected one of the at least one synthesized codebook and the optimized codebook to generate a plurality of beamforming RF signals;
provide the plurality of beamforming RF signals to the selected number of the plurality of antenna elements in response to selecting the at least one synthesized codebook; and
provide the plurality of beamforming RF signals to the optimized number of the plurality of antenna elements in response to selecting the optimized codebook.
5. The wireless node of claim 4 , wherein the selected number of the plurality of antenna elements includes a subset of the plurality of antenna elements and the optimized number of the plurality of antenna elements includes all the plurality of antenna elements.
6. The wireless node of claim 4 , wherein the selected number of the plurality of antenna elements includes all the plurality of antenna elements and the optimized number of the plurality of antenna elements includes a subset of the plurality of antenna elements.
7. The wireless node of claim 1 , wherein the codeword synthesis circuit is further configured to:
calculate a respective synthesized beam heatmap and a respective optimized beam heatmap for each pair of related beams among the predetermined number of RF beams formed based on the at least one synthesized codebook and the predetermined number of RF beams formed based on the optimized codebook;
compare the respective synthesized beam heatmap and the respective optimized beam heatmap of each pair of related beams to determine a respective matching quality; and
adjust a respective one of the plurality of synthesized codewords in the at least one synthesized codebook until the respective matching quality satisfies a predefined threshold.
8. A method for synthesizing a codebook for radio frequency (RF) beamforming in a wireless communications system (WCS), comprising:
partitioning a coverage area into a plurality of coverage clusters each configured to receive a respective one of a predetermined number of RF beams;
determining at least one synthesized codebook among a plurality of beamforming codebooks that includes a plurality of synthesized codewords for forming the predetermined number of RF beams, respectively, using a selected number of a plurality of antenna elements;
determining an optimized codebook among the plurality of beamforming codebooks that includes a plurality of optimized codewords for forming the predetermined number of RF beams, respectively, using an optimized number of the plurality of antenna elements; and
optimizing each of the plurality of synthesized codewords in the at least one synthesized codebook based on a respective one of the plurality of optimized codewords in the optimized codebook.
9. The method of claim 8 , further comprising executing a predefined partitioning algorithm to partition the coverage area into the plurality of coverage clusters.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising receiving a predefined partitioning map and partitioning the coverage area into the plurality of coverage clusters based on the predefined partitioning map.
11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the selected number of the plurality of antenna elements includes a subset of the plurality of antenna elements and the optimized number of the plurality of antenna elements includes all the plurality of antenna elements.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein the selected number of the plurality of antenna elements includes all the plurality of antenna elements and the optimized number of the plurality of antenna elements includes a subset of the plurality of antenna elements.
13. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
calculating a respective synthesized beam heatmap and a respective optimized beam heatmap for each pair of related beams among the predetermined number of RF beams formed based on the at least one synthesized codebook and the predetermined number of RF beams formed based on the optimized codebook;
comparing the respective synthesized beam heatmap and the respective optimized beam heatmap of each pair of related beams to determine a respective matching quality; and
adjusting a respective one of the plurality of synthesized codewords in the at least one synthesized codebook until the respective matching quality satisfies a predefined threshold.
14. A wireless communications system (WCS), comprising:
a centralized services node coupled to a service node; and
at least one wireless node coupled to the centralized services node and comprising:
an antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements and configured to emit a predetermined number of radio frequency (RF) beams in a coverage area; and
a codeword synthesis circuit configured to:
partition the coverage area into a plurality of coverage clusters each configured to receive a respective one of the predetermined number of RF beams;
determine at least one synthesized codebook among a plurality of beamforming codebooks that includes a plurality of synthesized codewords for forming the predetermined number of RF beams, respectively, using a selected number of the plurality of antenna elements;
determine an optimized codebook among the plurality of beamforming codebooks that includes a plurality of optimized codewords for forming the predetermined number of RF beams, respectively, using an optimized number of the plurality of antenna elements; and
optimize each of the plurality of synthesized codewords in the at least one synthesized codebook based on a respective one of the plurality of optimized codewords in the optimized codebook.
15. The WCS of claim 14 , wherein the at least one wireless node further comprises:
a memory circuit configured to store the at least one synthesized codebook and the optimized codebook; and
a beamformer circuit configured to:
dynamically select one of the at least one synthesized codebook and the optimized codebook;
process an RF signal based on the selected one of the at least one synthesized codebook and the optimized codebook to generate a plurality of beamforming RF signals;
provide the plurality of beamforming RF signals to the selected number of the plurality of antenna elements in response to selecting the at least one synthesized codebook; and
provide the plurality of beamforming RF signals to the optimized number of the plurality of antenna elements in response to selecting the optimized codebook.
16. The WCS of claim 14 , wherein the at least one wireless node comprises at least one radio node.
17. The WCS of claim 14 , wherein the at least one wireless node comprises at least one radio access network (RAN) remote unit.
18. The WCS of claim 14 , further comprising a routing unit (RU) coupled to the centralized services node and a plurality of remote units coupled to the RU, wherein the at least one wireless node comprises at least one of the plurality of remote units.
19. The WCS of claim 18 , wherein the plurality of remote units is coupled to the RU via a plurality of optical fiber-based communications mediums.
20. The WCS of claim 19 , wherein:
the RU comprises:
an electrical-to-optical (E/O) converter configured to convert a plurality of downlink communications signals into a plurality of downlink optical communications signals, respectively; and
an optical-to-electrical (O/E) converter configured to convert a plurality of uplink optical communications signals into a plurality of uplink communications signals, respectively; and
the plurality of remote units each comprises:
a respective O/E converter configured to convert a respective one of the plurality of downlink optical communications signals into a respective one of the plurality of downlink communications signals; and
a respective E/O converter configured to convert a respective one of the plurality of uplink communications signals into a respective one of the plurality of uplink optical communications signals.