Polymerizable thermosetting resins from tall oil
Presently described are curable compounds and curable compositions. Thermosets including the curable compounds and curable compositions described herein are derived from bio-based components and have improved mechanical properties. The described compositions can also be applicable to rosin derivatives and fatty acid derivatives.
1. A curable compound comprising a reaction product of:
a mixture of (i) a rosin acid or derivative thereof and (ii) a fatty acid or derivative thereof, wherein the mixture comprises (a) about 20 wt % to about 70 wt % of the rosin acid or derivative thereof and (b) about 20 wt % to about 70 wt % of the fatty acid or derivative thereof;
a glycidyl ether component comprising at least two glycidyl ether groups;
an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid; and
a catalyst,
wherein the curable compound has at least one terminal functional group comprising (meth)acrylate.
2. The curable compound of claim 1 , further comprising a diisocyanate compound.
3. A curable composition comprising:
at least one of the curable compound of claim 1 ;
a second curable compound comprising a reaction product of a rosin acid or derivative thereof, a fatty acid or a derivative thereof, or a combination thereof, a glycidyl ester of an α, β-unsaturated acid, and a catalyst, wherein the second curable compound has at least one terminal functional group comprising (meth)acrylate;
a curable resin;
a catalyst; and
a free radical curing initiator.
4. The curable composition of claim 3 , wherein the curable resin comprises a reaction product of a glycidyl ether component comprising a bisphenol epoxy resin, a novolac epoxy resin, a diglycidyl ether, triglycidyl ether, tetraglycidyl ether, or a combination thereof, and an α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid, wherein the curable resin has at least one terminal functional group comprising (meth)acrylate.
5. The curable compound of claim 2 , wherein the diisocyanate compound comprises a monomeric diisocyanate, an oligomeric diisocyanate, or a combination thereof.
6. The curable composition of claim 3 , wherein the glycidyl ether component comprises bisphenol A epoxy resin, bisphenol F epoxy resin, epoxy novolac resin, epoxy phenol novolac, epoxy cresol novolac, or a combination thereof.
7. The curable composition of claim 3 , wherein the glycidyl ether component comprises a diglycidyl ether, a triglycidyl ether, tetraglycidyl ether, or a combination thereof.
8. The curable composition of claim 3 , wherein the glycidyl ether component comprises a diglycidyl ether of neopentyl glycol, a diglycidyl ether of 1,4-butanediol, diglycidyl ether of resorcinol, trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether; pentaerythritol tetraglycidyl ether, or a combination thereof.
9. The curable composition of claim 3 , wherein the rosin acid derivative comprises a disproportionated rosin, a maleated rosin, a fumarated rosin, an acrylonitrile adduct, itaconic acid adduct, an acrylic acid adduct, a dimer acid, an oxidized rosin, a hydrogenated rosin, or a combination thereof.
10. The curable composition of claim 3 , wherein the fatty acid derivative comprises a maleated fatty acid, an acrylonitrile fatty acid adduct, a fumarated fatty acid adduct, acrylic-acid fatty acid adduct, an itaconic acid fatty acid adduct, a dimer fatty acid, an oxidized fatty acid, a hydrogenated rosin acid, or a combination thereof.
11. The curable composition of claim 3 , wherein the rosin acid or derivative thereof, the fatty acid or derivative thereof, or the combination thereof, each are derived from tall oil fatty acids (TOFA), tall oil rosin (TOR), distilled tall oil (DTO), gum tree rosin, wood rosin, softwood rosin, hardwood rosin, a natural oil, or a combination thereof.
12. The curable composition of claim 11 , wherein the natural oil comprises vegetable oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, canola oil, olive oil, oil, coconut oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, castor oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, palm-based oils, rapeseed oil, tung oil, peanut oil, jatropha oil, or a combination thereof.
13. The curable composition of claim 3 , wherein:
the second curable compound comprises a reaction product of
a rosin acid or derivative thereof, a fatty acid or a derivative thereof, or a combination thereof, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, and
a catalyst; and
the curable resin comprises a reaction product of bisphenol A epoxy resin, (meth)acrylic acid, and a catalyst.
14. The curable composition of claim 3 , wherein:
the curable compound comprises a reaction product of
a mixture of (i) a rosin acid or derivative thereof and (ii) a fatty acid or derivative thereof;
bisphenol A epoxy resin;
(meth)acrylic acid; and
a catalyst;
the curable resin comprises a reaction product of bisphenol A epoxy resin, (meth)acrylic acid, and a catalyst.
15. The curable composition of claim 3 , wherein:
the curable compound is a reaction product of
a mixture of (i) a rosin acid or derivative thereof and (ii) a fatty acid or a derivative thereof,
bisphenol A epoxy resin,
(meth)acrylic acid, and
a catalyst;
the second curable compound comprises a reaction product of
a rosin acid or derivative thereof, a fatty acid or a derivative thereof, or a combination thereof,
glycidyl (meth)acrylate, and
a catalyst; and
the curable resin comprises a reaction product from bisphenol A epoxy resin, (meth)acrylic acid, and a catalyst.
16. The curable composition of claim 3 , wherein the curable compound further comprises an epoxy novolac resin.
17. The curable composition of claim 3 , wherein the curable compound further comprises a diisocyanate compound; the second curable compound further comprises a diisocyanate compound; or a combination thereof.
18. The curable composition of claim 3 , wherein
the rosin acid or derivative thereof, the fatty acid or derivative thereof, or the combination thereof, each are derived from tall oil fatty acids (TOFA), tall oil rosin (TOR), distilled tall oil (DTO), gum tree rosin, wood rosin, softwood rosin, hardwood rosin, a natural oil, or a combination thereof; and
the tall oil fatty acids (TOFA), tall oil rosin (TOR), distilled tall oil (DTO), gum tree rosin, wood rosin, softwood rosin, hardwood rosin, or natural oil has a rosin acid content from about 25 wt % to about 75 wt %, each based on the sum of amounts of the tall oil fatty acids (TOFA), tall oil rosin (TOR), distilled tall oil (DTO), gum tree rosin, wood rosin, softwood rosin, hardwood rosin, or natural oil.
19. The curable composition of claim 17 , wherein the diisocyanate compound comprises a monomeric diisocyanate, an oligomeric diisocyanate, or a combination thereof.
20. A thermoset comprising the curable composition of claim 3 , wherein the thermoset has a glass transition temperature ranging from 70 to 120° C. as determined using dynamic mechanical analysis.
21. The curable compound of claim 1 , wherein:
the rosin acid derivative comprises a disproportionated rosin, a maleated rosin, a fumarated rosin, an acrylonitrile adduct, itaconic acid adduct, an acrylic acid adduct, a dimer acid, an oxidized rosin, a hydrogenated rosin, or a combination thereof; and
the fatty acid derivative comprises a maleated fatty acid, an acrylonitrile fatty acid adduct, a fumarated fatty acid adduct, acrylic-acid fatty acid adduct, an itaconic acid fatty acid adduct, a dimer fatty acid, an oxidized fatty acid, or a combination thereof.