PROCESS FOR PRODUCING HYDROGEN
A process for the production of hydrogen comprising the steps of subjecting a gaseous mixture comprising a hydrocarbon and steam and having a steam to carbon ratio of at least 2.6:1, to steam reforming in a gas-heated reformer followed by autothermal reforming with an oxygen-rich gas in an autothermal reformer to generate a reformed gas mixture, increasing the hydrogen content of the reformed gas mixture by subjecting it to one or more water-gas shift stages in a water-gas shift unit to provide a hydrogen-enriched reformed gas, cooling the hydrogen-enriched reformed gas and separating condensed water therefrom, passing the resulting de-watered hydrogen-enriched reformed gas to a carbon dioxide separation unit to provide a carbon dioxide gas stream and a crude hydrogen gas stream, and passing the crude hydrogen gas stream to a purification unit to provide a purified hydrogen gas and a fuel gas.
1 .- 21 . (canceled)
22 . A process for the production of hydrogen comprising the steps of:
(i) subjecting a gaseous mixture comprising a hydrocarbon and steam, and having a steam to carbon ratio of at least 2.6:1, to steam reforming in a gas-heated reformer followed by autothermal reforming with an oxygen-rich gas in an autothermal reformer to generate a reformed gas mixture,
(ii) increasing the hydrogen content of the reformed gas mixture by subjecting it to one or more water-gas shift stages in a water-gas shift unit to provide a hydrogen-enriched reformed gas,
(iii) cooling the hydrogen-enriched reformed gas and separating condensed water therefrom,
(iv) passing the resulting de-watered hydrogen-enriched reformed gas to a carbon dioxide separation unit to provide a carbon dioxide gas stream and a crude hydrogen gas stream, and
(v) passing the crude hydrogen gas stream to a purification unit to provide a purified hydrogen gas and a fuel gas,
wherein the fuel gas is fed, as the sole fuel, to one or more fired heaters used to heat one or more process streams within the process.
23 . The process according to claim 22 , wherein the hydrocarbon is a methane-containing gas stream, preferably containing >50% vol of methane.
24 . The process according to claim 22 , wherein the hydrocarbon is desulphurised.
25 . The process according to claim 22 , wherein the steam to carbon ratio is in the range 2.8:1 to 3.5:1, preferably 2.9:1 to 3.2:1 or 3.2:1 to 3.5:1.
26 . The process according to claim 22 , wherein the gaseous mixture comprising the hydrocarbon and steam is formed by contacting the hydrocarbon with water in a saturator to form a saturated gas mixture, with optional direct addition of steam to the saturated gas mixture.
27 . The process according to claim 22 , wherein the water fed to the saturator is heated in heat exchange with the reformed gas mixture.
28 . The process according to claim 22 , wherein the oxygen-rich gas comprises at least 90% vol O 2 , preferably at least 95% vol O 2 , more preferably at least 98% vol O 2 .
29 . The process according to claim 22 , wherein the water-gas shift stage comprises an isothermal shift stage and optionally a downstream low-temperature shift stage.
30 . The process according to claim 22 , wherein there are two or three stages of cooling and separation of process condensate before the carbon dioxide removal stage.
31 . The process according to claim 22 , wherein the carbon dioxide removal stage is performed using a physical wash system or a reactive wash system, preferably a reactive wash system, especially an amine wash system.
32 . The process according to claim 22 , wherein one or more of the carbon dioxide removal unit streams are heated in heat exchange with the hydrogen-enriched reformed gas stream.
33 . The process according to claim 22 , wherein the purification unit is a pressure swing adsorption unit or a temperature swing adsorption unit, preferably a pressure swing adsorption unit.
34 . The process according to claim 22 , wherein the carbon dioxide recovered from the carbon dioxide removal unit and the purified hydrogen gas recovered from the purification unit are each compressed in electrically-driven compressors.
35 . The process according to claim 22 , wherein a portion of the crude hydrogen or pure hydrogen is fed to the hydrocarbon.
36 . The process according to claim 22 , wherein there are two fired heaters fuelled by the fuel gas recovered from the purification unit; a first fired heater that heats the hydrocarbon and/or the gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon and steam, and a second fired heater that functions as a boiler to generate steam for the process.
37 . The process according to claim 36 wherein the fuel gas split to the first and second fired heaters in the ranges of 10-90% vol to 90-10% vol respectively, preferably 40-50% vol to the first fired heater and 60-50% vol to the second fired heater.
38 . The process according to claim 36 , wherein a portion of the steam generated in the second fired heater is used in the gaseous mixture fed to the gas-heated reformer.
39 . The process according to claim 36 , wherein steam generated in the second fired heater is provided via a steam drum coupled to an isothermal shift converter.
40 . The process according to claim 39 wherein the entire steam for the process is generated by a combination of a saturator, the second fired heater and by a steam drum coupled to the isothermal shift converter.
41 . The process according to claim 40 wherein the saturator generates 50-60% or 55-65% of the steam, the second fired heater raises 20-25% of the steam and the steam drum coupled to the isothermal shift converter raises the balance.
42 . The process according to claim 22 wherein the pure hydrogen stream is used in a downstream power process, heating process, a downstream chemical synthesis process or used to upgrade hydrocarbons.